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On 2 August 2018 – Roma Genocide Remembrance Day – the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum expressed its deep concern about
the escalating persecution and violence faced by Roma across Europe
today In 2018, in the midst of heated debates about asylum seekers,
refugees, and migrants, politicians are seizing on anti-Gypsy
rhetoric and policies to win favour among disgruntled voters The
book is an addition to studies of the Holocaust that have caused
great controversy and debate such as Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands
An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool
University Press website and the OAPEN library. This book, designed
as a resource for scholars, educators, activists and non-specialist
readers, presents the results of new research on the role of Romani
groups in European culture and society since the nineteenth
century. Its specific focus is on the ways in which Romani actors,
in their interactions with non-Romanies, have contributed to
shaping Europe's public spaces. Twelve chapters recount the
experiences and accomplishments of individuals and families, from
across Europe (England, France, Spain, Germany, Poland, Hungary,
Romania and Finland) and Canada. All based on new research, and
maintaining a focus on the real lives and activities of Romani
people rather than on the perspective of the majority societies,
these studies exemplify the creative presence of Romani people in
the fields of politics, economics and culture. We see them as
writers, artists and performers, political activists and resistance
fighters, traders and entrepreneurs, circus and cinema managers and
purveyors of popular science. Sensitive to the ambivalent position
from which Roma act, the cases are linked and contextualized by a
general introduction and by section introductions written by
leading scholars of Romani studies with expertise in history,
ethnography, musicology, literary and discourse studies and visual
culture. The volume is richly illustrated, including many images
that have never been published before, and includes an extensive
bibliography / guide to further reading. Contributors to the
volume: Begona Barrera, Beatriz Carrillo de los Reyes, Malte
Gasche, Pawel Lechowski, Anna G. Piotrowska, Laurence Prempain,
Juan Pro, Eve Rosenhaft, Carolina Garcia Sanz, Maria Sierra, and
Tamara West.
On 2 August 2018 - Roma Genocide Remembrance Day - the United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum expressed its deep concern about
the escalating persecution and violence faced by Roma across Europe
today In 2018, in the midst of heated debates about asylum seekers,
refugees, and migrants, politicians are seizing on anti-Gypsy
rhetoric and policies to win favour among disgruntled voters The
book is an addition to studies of the Holocaust that have caused
great controversy and debate such as Timothy Snyder's Bloodlands
An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool
University Press website and the OAPEN library. This book, designed
as a resource for scholars, educators, activists and non-specialist
readers, presents the results of new research on the role of Romani
groups in European culture and society since the nineteenth
century. Its specific focus is on the ways in which Romani actors,
in their interactions with non-Romanies, have contributed to
shaping Europe's public spaces. Twelve chapters recount the
experiences and accomplishments of individuals and families, from
across Europe (England, France, Spain, Germany, Poland, Hungary,
Romania and Finland) and Canada. All based on new research, and
maintaining a focus on the real lives and activities of Romani
people rather than on the perspective of the majority societies,
these studies exemplify the creative presence of Romani people in
the fields of politics, economics and culture. We see them as
writers, artists and performers, political activists and resistance
fighters, traders and entrepreneurs, circus and cinema managers and
purveyors of popular science. Sensitive to the ambivalent position
from which Roma act, the cases are linked and contextualized by a
general introduction and by section introductions written by
leading scholars of Romani studies with expertise in history,
ethnography, musicology, literary and discourse studies and visual
culture. The volume is richly illustrated, including many images
that have never been published before, and includes an extensive
bibliography / guide to further reading. Contributors to the
volume: Begona Barrera, Beatriz Carrillo de los Reyes, Malte
Gasche, Pawel Lechowski, Anna G. Piotrowska, Laurence Prempain,
Juan Pro, Eve Rosenhaft, Carolina Garcia Sanz, Maria Sierra, and
Tamara West.
Contributors from the US, Britain and Europe explore a neglected
aspect of transatlantic slavery: the implication of a continental
European hinterland. Slavery Hinterland explores a neglected aspect
of transatlantic slavery: the implication of a continental European
hinterland. It focuses on historical actors in territories that
were not directly involved in the traffic inAfricans but linked in
various ways with the transatlantic slave business, the plantation
economies that it fed and the consequences of its abolition. The
volume unearths material entanglements of the Continental and
Atlantic economies and also proposes a new agenda for the
historical study of the relationship between business and morality.
Contributors from the US, Britain and continental Europe examine
the ways in which the slave economy touched on individual lives and
economic developments in German-speaking Europe, Switzerland,
Denmark and Italy. They reveal how these 'hinterlands' served as
suppliers of investment, labour and trade goods for the slave trade
and of materials for the plantation economies, and how involvement
in trade networks contributed in turn to key economic developments
in the 'hinterlands'. The chapters range in time from the first,
short-lived attempt at establishing a German slave-trading
operation in the 1680s to the involvement of textile manufacturers
in transatlantic trade in the first quarter of the nineteenth
century. A key theme of the volume is the question of conscience,
or awareness of being morally implicated in an immoral enterprise.
Evidence for subjective understandings of the moral challenge of
slavery is found in individual actions and statements and also in
post-abolition colonisation and missionary projects. FELIX BRAHM is
Research Fellow at the German Historical Institute in London. EVE
ROSENHAFT is Professor of German Historical Studies, University of
Liverpool. CONTRIBUTORS: Felix Brahm, Peter Haenger, Catherine
Hall, Daniel P. Hopkins, Craig Koslofsky, Sarah Lentz, Rebekka von
Mallinckrodt, Anne Sophie Overkamp, Alexandra Robinson, Eve
Rosenhaft, Anka Steffen, Klaus Weber, Roberto Zaugg
This open access book provides a concise introduction to a critical
development in memory studies. A global memory formation has
emerged since the 1990s, in which memories of traumatic histories
in different parts of the world, often articulated in the terms
established by Holocaust memory, have become entangled, reconciled,
contested, conflicted and negotiated across borders. As historical
actors and events across time and space become connected in new
ways, new grounds for contest and competition arise; claims to the
past that appeared de-territorialized in the global memory
formation become re-territorialized - deployed in the service of
nationalist projects. This poses challenges to scholarship but also
to practice: How can we ensure that shared or comparable memories
of past injustice continue to be grounds for solidarity between
different memory communities? In chapters focusing on Europe, East
Asia and Africa, five scholars respond to these challenges from a
range of disciplinary perspectives in the humanities.
This is the first English translation of an important document in
the history of the black presence in Germany and Europe: the
autobiography of Theodor Michael. Theodor Michael is among the few
surviving members of the first generation of 'Afro-Germans': Born
in Germany in 1925 to a Cameroonian father and a German mother, he
grew up in Berlin in the last days of the Weimar Republic. As a
child and teenager he worked in circuses and films and experienced
the tightening knot of racial discrimination under the Nazis in the
years before the Second World War. He survived the war as a forced
labourer, founding a family and making a career as a journalist and
actor in post-war West Germany. Since the 1980s he has become an
important spokesman for the black German consciousness movement,
acting as a human link between the first black German community of
the inter-war period, the pan-Africanism of the 1950s and 1960s,
and new generations of Germans of African descent. Theodor
Michael's life story is a classic account of coming to
consciousness of a man who understands himself as both black and
German; accordingly, it illuminates key aspects of modern German
social history as well as of the post-war history of the African
diaspora. The text has been translated by Eve Rosenhaft, Professor
of German Historical Studies at the University of Liverpool and an
internationally acknowledged expert in Black German studies. It is
accompanied by a translator's preface, explanatory notes, a
chronology of historical events and a guide to further reading, so
that the book will be accessible and useful both for general
readers and for undergraduate students.
This classic text -- thoroughly revised to take into account the
effects of unification -- explores the relationship between state
policy and social change in modern German history. Particular
emphasis is placed on the Wilhelmine Empire (pre-1918), the Weimar
Republic (1918-1933) and West Germany since 1945.
Chapters address:
- the social implications of industrial medicine since the 19th
century;
- official attitudes to the employment of female civil servants in
the Weimar Republic;
- public health in the Weimar Republic; and
- the role of municipal finance in 20th-century economics and
politics.
This is an invaluable sourcebook for students and scholars looking
for insights into current debates about German state policy, the
preconditions for the rise of Nazism, and the evidence that the
process of reunification provides for the character of the GDR and
the future of the Federal Republic.
Civilians and War in Europe 1618–1815 examines the relationship
between civilians and warfare from the start of the Thirty Years
War to the end of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The volume
interrogates received narratives of warfare that identify the
development of modern 'total' war with the French Revolutionary and
Napoleonic Wars, and instead considers the continuities and
transformations in warfare over the course of two hundred years.
The contributors examine prisoners of war, the cultures of plunder,
the tensions of billeting, and war-time atrocities throughout
England, France, Spain, and the German territories. They also
explore the legal practices surrounding the conduct and aftermath
of war; representations of civilians, soldiers, and militias; and
the philosophical underpinnings of warfare. They probe what it
meant to be a civilian in territories beset by invasion and civil
war or in times when ‘peace’ at home was accompanied by almost
continuous military engagement abroad. Their accounts show us
civilians not only as anguished sufferers, but also directly
involved with war: fighting back with shocking violence, profiting
from war-time needs, and negotiating for material and social
redress. And they show us individuals and societies coming to terms
with the moral and political challenges posed by the business of
drawing lines between ‘civilians’ and ‘soldiers’. With
contributors drawn from the fields of political and legal theory,
literature and the visual arts, and military, political, social,
and cultural history, this volume will appeal to all those with an
interest in the history of warfare and the evolution of the idea of
the civilian.
This volume explores the lives and activities of people of African
descent in Europe between the 1880s and the beginning of the
twenty-first century. It goes beyond the still-dominant
Anglo-American or transatlantic focus of diaspora studies to
examine the experiences of black and white Africans,
Afro-Caribbeans and African Americans who settled or travelled in
Germany, France, Portugal, Italy and the Soviet Union, as well as
in Britain. At the same time, while studies of Africans in Europe
have tended to focus on the relationship between colonial (or
former colonial) subjects and their respective metropolitan nation
states, the essays in this volume widen the lens to consider the
skills, practices and negotiations called for by other kinds of
border-crossing: The subjects of these essays include people moving
between European states and state jurisdictions or from the former
colony of one state to another place in Europe, African-born
colonial settlers returning to the metropolis, migrants conversing
across ethnic and cultural boundaries among 'Africans', and
visitors for whom the face-to-face encounter with European society
involves working across the 'colour line' and testing the limits of
solidarity. Case studies of family life, community-building and
politics and cultural production, drawing on original research,
illuminate the transformative impact of those journeys and
encounters and the forms of 'transnational practice' that they have
generated. The contributors include specialist scholars in social
history, art history, anthropology, cultural studies and
literature, as well as a novelist and a filmmaker who reflect on
their own experiences of these complex histories and the challenges
of narrating them.
This groundbreaking history traces the development of Germany's
black community, from its origins in colonial Africa to its
decimation by the Nazis during World War II. Robbie Aitken and Eve
Rosenhaft follow the careers of Africans arriving from the
colonies, examining why and where they settled, their working lives
and their political activities, and giving unprecedented attention
to gender, sexuality and the challenges of 'mixed marriage'.
Addressing the networks through which individuals constituted
community, Aitken and Rosenhaft explore the ways in which these
relationships spread beyond ties of kinship and birthplace to
constitute communities as 'black'. The study also follows a number
of its protagonists to France and back to Africa, providing new
insights into the roots of Francophone black consciousness and
postcolonial memory. Including an in-depth account of the impact of
Nazism and its aftermath, this book offers a fresh critical
perspective on narratives of 'race' in German history.
This groundbreaking history traces the development of Germany's
black community, from its origins in colonial Africa to its
decimation by the Nazis during World War II. Robbie Aitken and Eve
Rosenhaft follow the careers of Africans arriving from the
colonies, examining why and where they settled, their working lives
and their political activities, and giving unprecedented attention
to gender, sexuality and the challenges of 'mixed marriage'.
Addressing the networks through which individuals constituted
community, Aitken and Rosenhaft explore the ways in which these
relationships spread beyond ties of kinship and birthplace to
constitute communities as 'black'. The study also follows a number
of its protagonists to France and back to Africa, providing new
insights into the roots of Francophone black consciousness and
postcolonial memory. Including an in-depth account of the impact of
Nazism and its aftermath, this book offers a fresh critical
perspective on narratives of 'race' in German history.
In this book Eve Rosenhaft examines the involvement of Communists
in political violence during the years of Hitler's rise to power in
Germany (1929 33). Specifically, she aims to account for their
participation in street-fighting' or 'gang-fighting' with National
Socialist storm-troopers. The origins of this conflict are examined
at two levels. First Dr Rosenhaft analyses the official policy of
the Communist Party towards fascism and Nazism, and the special
anti-fascist and self-defence organizations which it developed.
Among the aspects of Communist policy that are explored are the
relation between the international confrontation between Communists
and Social Democrats as claimants to lead the left, and the
implications of this dispute in German politics; the ideological
difficulties in the implementation of Communist policy in a period
of economic dislocation; and the organizational problems posed by
the fight against fascism. Dr Rosenhaft then explores the attitudes
and experience of the Communist rank and file engaged in the
struggle against fascism, concentrating on the city of Berlin,
where a fierce contest for control of the streets was waged.
This groundbreaking history traces the development of Germany's
black community, from its origins in colonial Africa to its
decimation by the Nazis during World War II. Robbie Aitken and Eve
Rosenhaft follow the careers of Africans arriving from the
colonies, examining why and where they settled, their working lives
and their political activities, and giving unprecedented attention
to gender, sexuality and the challenges of 'mixed marriage'.
Addressing the networks through which individuals constituted
community, Aitken and Rosenhaft explore the ways in which these
relationships spread beyond ties of kinship and birthplace to
constitute communities as 'black'. The study also follows a number
of its protagonists to France and back to Africa, providing new
insights into the roots of Francophone black consciousness and
postcolonial memory. Including an in-depth account of the impact of
Nazism and its aftermath, this book offers a fresh critical
perspective on narratives of 'race' in German history.
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