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This volume provides an in-depth study of tribal life in the Near
East in the 19th century, exploring how tribes shaped society,
economy and politics in the desert, as well as in villages and
towns. Until the First World War Near Eastern society was tribally
organized. Particularly in the Levant and the Arabian peninsula,
where the Ottoman empire was weak, large and powerful tribes such
as Anaze, Beni Sakhr and Shammar interacted and competed for
control of the land, the people and the economy. The main sources
for this study are travel accounts of 19th century adventurers and
explorers. Their travels, on horseback, on camel or on foot opened
a fascinating window on a world with an ideology that was
fundamentally different from their own, often Victorian background.
One chapter is dedicated to oral traditions in the region, from
heroic epics to short poems, which lets the tribes and tribe
members themselves speak, giving a voice to the tribal frame of
mind. Evidence of tribal organization as a driving force in society
can be found in documents and sometimes in the archaeological
record from the Bronze Age onwards. While a straight comparison
between ancient and subrecent tribal communities is fraught with
difficulties and must be treated with caution, a better
understanding of 19th century tribal ethics and customs provides
useful insights into the history and the power relations of a more
distant past. At the same time it may help us understand some of
the underlying causes for the present conflicts afflicting the
region.
This volume provides an in-depth study of tribal life in the Near
East in the 19th century, exploring how tribes shaped society,
economy and politics in the desert, as well as in villages and
towns. Until the First World War Near Eastern society was tribally
organized. Particularly in the Levant and the Arabian peninsula,
where the Ottoman empire was weak, large and powerful tribes such
as Anaze, Beni Sakhr and Shammar interacted and competed for
control of the land, the people and the economy. The main sources
for this study are travel accounts of 19th century adventurers and
explorers. Their travels, on horseback, on camel or on foot opened
a fascinating window on a world with an ideology that was
fundamentally different from their own, often Victorian background.
One chapter is dedicated to oral traditions in the region, from
heroic epics to short poems, which lets the tribes and tribe
members themselves speak, giving a voice to the tribal frame of
mind. Evidence of tribal organization as a driving force in society
can be found in documents and sometimes in the archaeological
record from the Bronze Age onwards. While a straight comparison
between ancient and subrecent tribal communities is fraught with
difficulties and must be treated with caution, a better
understanding of 19th century tribal ethics and customs provides
useful insights into the history and the power relations of a more
distant past. At the same time it may help us understand some of
the underlying causes for the present conflicts afflicting the
region.
Tell el-Mazar (central east Jordan valley, c. 3km north of Tell
Deir Alla and 5.5km south of Tell es-Sa idiyeh) forms part of a
complex of sites in the East Jordan Valley that were all occupied
in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages: the regional density of nearby
occupation testifies to the importance of the locality. It was not
only economically important because of its climate, but it was also
a crossroads, connecting north and south, as well as east and west.
Towards the end of the Late Bronze Age an Egyptian trade route ran
from Beth Shean towards the Amman Plain, crossing the river first
by Pella, and later by Tell es-Sa idiyeh. This route must have
passed Tell Mazar, which was inhabited during the late Bronze Age,
as shown by the large number of Late Bronze Age sherds that were
found by successive surveys. This volume contains the final
publication of the four seasons of excavations on the main mound
and the sanctuary on mound A . Contents includes: Tell el-Mazar
Field I: Stratigraphy; Tell el-Mazar Mound A: the Open Court
Sanctuary of the Iron Age; The pottery of Field I; Production and
exchange of ceramics in the Central Jordan Valley during Iron Age
IIc (Niels Groot); A find of a beer jug with a female head (Regine
Hunziker-Rodewald); Ammonite and Aramaic inscriptions (Khair
Yassine and Javier Teixidor); Weaving at Tell el-Mazar: the
loom-weights (Jeannette Boertien); Chipped stones from Tell
el-Mazar (Muhammad Jaradat); Pottery plates; Catalogue of Complete
Pottery; Catalogue of objects; Appendix: plant remains found at
Tell el-Mazar (Reinder Neef)."
This volume brings together a number of scholars who use
archaeology as a tool to question the assumptions too easily made
by historians and biblical scholars about the past. It combines
essays from both archaeologists and biblical scholars. While the
subject matter across the two disciplines differs widely in both
geographical and chronological area covered, they share a critical
stance in examining the relationship between 'dirt' archaeology and
the biblical world, as presented to us through written sources.
This volume brings together a number of scholars who use
archaeology as a tool to question the sometimes easy assumptions
made by historians and biblical scholars about the past. It
combines essays from both archaeologists and biblical scholars
whose subject matter, whilst differing widely in both geographical
and chronological terms, also shares a critical stance used to
examine the relationship between 'dirt' archaeology and the
biblical world as presented to us through written sources.
The papers in this anthology represent the proceedings of the
Anthropology and the Bible session from the European Association of
Biblical Studies Annual Meeting held in Lincoln, UK (July 2009).
The main aim of the session is to foster critical uses of social
anthropology for reading biblical scholarship and ancient Near
Eastern studies related to the Bible. The papers of this volume
reflect all these perspectives and stand as a critical renewal of
the uses of anthropology and sociology in biblical scholarship in
distinction to social-science approaches.
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