Commissioned to mark the 50th anniversary of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; formerly the Institute of Medicine [IOM]), this volume describes the circumstances that led to the IOM's founding in 1970, the members and leaders who built and sustained the organization, and the process by which the IOM became the NAM in 2015. The volume also details a selection of the IOM/NAM's most influential contributions to biomedical science, U.S. health care, and population health and concludes with the story of how the organization navigated unprecedented national and global crises between 2015 and 2021. Table of Contents Front Matter Part I: Institutional History 1 The Founding of the Institute of Medicine 2 A Commitment to Service: Members and Leaders of the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Medicine 3 The Creation of the National Academy of Medicine Part II: Impact 4 Biomedical Science 5 U.S. Health Care and Policy 6 Advancing the Health of the Public in the United States and Globally Part III: A New Era: The Early Years of the National Academy of Medicine 7 Responding to National and Global Crises, 20152021 8 Conclusion Epilogue Bibliography Editor and Author Biographies

Demand for tech professionals is expected to increase substantially over the next decade, and increasing the number of women of color in tech will be critical to building and maintaining a competitive workforce. Despite years of efforts to increase the diversity of the tech workforce, women of color have remained underrepresented, and the numbers of some groups of women of color have even declined. Even in cases where some groups of women of color may have higher levels of representation, data show that they still face significant systemic challenges in advancing to positions of leadership. Research evidence suggests that structural and social barriers in tech education, the tech workforce, and in venture capital investment disproportionately and negatively affect women of color. Transforming Trajectories for Women of Color in Tech uses current research as well as information obtained through four public information-gathering workshops to provide recommendations to a broad set of stakeholders within the tech ecosystem for increasing recruitment, retention, and advancement of women of color. This report identifies gaps in existing research that obscure the nature of challenges faced by women of color in tech, addresses systemic issues that negatively affect outcomes for women of color in tech, and provides guidance for transforming existing systems and implementing evidence-based policies and practices to increase the success of women of color in tech. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review of Research on Girls and Women of Color in Computing, Science, and Technology 3 Challenging Assumptions Around the Recruitment, Retention, and Advancement of Women of Color in Higher Education 4 Increasing Recruitment, Retention, and Advancement of Women of Color in the Tech Industry 5 The Role of Government in Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women of Color in Tech 6 Alternative Pathways for Women of Color in Tech and the Role of Professional Societies Appendix A: Alliances Focused on Women of Color and Underrepresentation in Tech Appendix B: Professional Organizations and Programs Focused on Women of Color and Underrepresentation in Tech Appendix C: Workshop Agendas Appendix D: Committee Member Biographies

This volume of recent "Signs" articles offers some of the most significant contributions to the debates on history and theory. Illustrating the uses of theories in recent feminist historical research and the often contentious arguments that surround them, the articles speak to a number of discussions, including the theoretical tradition of political economy, the importance of class relations for understanding historical events and social relationships, and the expansion of concepts from political economy to include race. Included as well are the workings of gender signification in terms of the body, moving it from its traditionally lesser position in the hierarchical Enlightenment mind/body split. A further group of articles concerns the discursive character of power relations and the dialogic quality of language. The volume will be extremely useful for feminist historians in a variety of disciplines as well as women's studies students interested in issues of interdisciplinarity. Sixteen articles include contributions by Karen Anderson, Josephine Donovan, Nancy Folbre, Evelyn Nakano Glenn, April Gordon, Luise White, C. Fred Blake, Antoinette Burton, Jane Desmond, Nancy M. Theriot, Kathleen Canning, Sueann Caulfield, Lisa Duggan, Nancy Fraser and Linda Gordon, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, and Sandra R. Joshel.