This book examines the history of declaring war from the early modern era up to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution. In the late middle ages, formal declarations of war were highly ritualistic acts, but by the early seventeenth century, they had changed into a practice whereby an ambassador presented a printed declaration to an enemy king. Key issues covered here include determining how and when the medieval practices of declaring war gave way to the more modern ones, and the extent to which American framers accepted or rejected the practices of their era. While the debate over recent congressional resolutions authorizing use of the armed forces overseas has generated many publications, the wider history of declaring war has been far less a topic of study, and the early modern era has been all but ignored. This book's primary sources include ambassadorial reports, especially those from Venetian ambassadors, declarations of war, published works by noted contemporary thinkers, and several early modern literary works that depict the high drama of declaring war.

Sonography of baby hips for the diagnosis of DDH and dysplasia has grown steadily in importance in recent years. A strict standardized technique for investigation of the baby and interpretation of the sonograms has made hip ultrasound reproducible, reliable and independent of examiner skill and experience.

Graf s technique is now used worldwide, and selective or even general screening programmes for all babies are established in many European countries today.

The first part of this book includes the fundamentals of hip sonography, static as well as dynamic techniques, anatomical identification of the echograms, typing, a measurement technique and usability check.

The second part is an atlas including a summary of the essential data and demonstrating correct and incorrect sonograms in different variations. The book is indispensable for everyone dealing with DDH problems in diagnosis and therapy.

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Since the early seventeenth century, whenever a pope has died, the Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have convened in Rome behind locked doors to elect a successor--and all eyes focus on The Eternal City. The Papal Conclave is an event like no other. Highly secretive and conducted behind the doors of the Sistine Chapel, it happens only a few times every century. Cardinals meet en masse in their scarlet robes. Throngs of the faithful stand watch in St. Peter's Square. Finally, white smoke billows from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel signaling the election of a new pontiff. In "Behind Locked Doors," Frederic J. Baumgartner evokes the high drama of this event while simultaneously providing a comprehensive and rigorous history of the papal elections. "Behind Locked Doors "is a fascinating look at the death of popes and the centuries-old transfer of Vatican power from one man to the next.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Uncertainty for Safe Utilization of Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, UNSURE 2022, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2022. The conference was hybrid event held from Singapore. For this workshop, 13 papers from 22 submissions were accepted for publication. They focus on developing awareness and encouraging research in the field of uncertainty modelling to enable safe implementation of machine learning tools in the clinical world.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Uncertainty for Safe Utilization of Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, UNSURE 2020, and the Third International Workshop on Graphs in Biomedical Image Analysis, GRAIL 2020, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2020, in Lima, Peru, in October 2020. The workshops were held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.For UNSURE 2020, 10 papers from 18 submissions were accepted for publication. They focus on developing awareness and encouraging research in the field of uncertainty modelling to enable safe implementation of machine learning tools in the clinical world. GRAIL 2020 accepted 10 papers from the 12 submissions received. The workshop aims to bring together scientists that use and develop graph-based models for the analysis of biomedical images and to encourage the exploration of graph-based models for difficult clinical problems within a variety of biomedical imaging contexts.

A noteworthy development in recent history has been the disappearance of formal declarations of war. Using primary sources, this book examines the history of declaring war in the early modern era up to the writing of the US Constitution to identify the influence of early modern history on the framing of the Constitution.