For this sixth volume 01 proceedings stemming lrom a Symposium on the Applications 01 Laser Techniques to Fluid Techniques, we have selected thirty one papers which are presented in live chapters. They represent some 01 the best papers presented at the Sixth Symposium which was again held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, this time lrom 20 to 23 July 1992. The total number of papers at the Symposium was slightly larger than in 1990 and was selected from a much increased number of abstracts, with a considerably smaller of accepted manuscripts. Thus, this volume represents some 01 the best 01 the best. The topics we have chosen to include are Laser Anemometer Optics and Processing, Two-Phase Flow Instrumentation, Whole-Field Velocimetry, Complex Flow Applications and Engine and Combusting Flows, and they show that there continues to be a healthy interest in the development 01 understanding of the methodology and its implementation in terms 01 new instrumentation, and this is emphasised by the increasing number 01 companies which have attended the Symposium in recent years in order to demonstrate their range 01 products. At the same time, it is clear that there is an increasing range of applications 01 the corresponding laser techniques and this is represented, in part, by the chapters concerned with Complex and Engine and Combusting Flows. In general, we are very pleased with the way the application 01 laser techniques has grown and hope that this se ries 01 Symposia has played its part.

In the tradition of its predecessors, this volume comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the Ninth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, held in Lisbon in July 2000.
The papers reflect the state-of-the-art in laser applications of laser techniques in fluid mechanics describing novel ideas for instrumentation, instrumentation developments, results of measurements of wall-bounded flows, free flows and flames and flow and combustion in engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing interest in the development of an understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation.

The present book contains papers that have been selected from contributions to the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows which was held from the 18th to 20th April 1977 at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. Attend ees from close to 20 countries presented over 100 contributions at this meeting in which many aspects of the current activities in turbulence research were covered. Five topics received particular attention at the Symposium: Free Flows Wall Flows Recirculating Flows Developments in Reynolds Stress Closures New Directions in Modeling This is also reflected in the five chapters of this book with contributions from research workers from different countries. Each chapter covers the most valuable contributions of the conference to the particular chapter topic. Of course, there were many additional good con tributions to each subject at the meeting but the limitation imposed on the length of this volume required that a selection be made. The realization of the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows was p- sible by the general support of: U. S. Army Research Office U. S. Navy Research Office Continuing Education Center of The Pennsylvania State University The conference organization was carried out by the organizing committee consisting of: F. Durst, Universitat Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. of Germany V. W. Goldschmidt, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. , USA B. E. Launder, University of California, Davis, Calif. , USA F. W. Schmidt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Penna.

In spite of intensive efforts over many decades, the problem of turbulence remains as challenging as ever and the number of papers, books and conferences on this topic con tinues to grow. As experimental techniques and computing power have developed, the breadth of investigations into the structure and development of turbulent flows has in creased to encompass many diverse fields of application in engineering, physics, biolo gy and so on. As a consequence, it is now very difficult for a single research worker to keep in touch with the many developments that are taking place in turbulence. One of the few opportunities for obtaining some overall view of the subject arises from large international symposia on turbulence and, although they have some drawbacks, it is this opportunity that is one of their main merits. The International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows has now been held on three occasions and they seem to be established as a major opportunity for papers on a very diverse range of topics to be presented at a single meeting. This volume is a collec tion of papers from the third symposium that was held at the University of California, Davis from 9-11 September 1981. The papers are divided into four sections entitled Wall Flows, Scalar Transport, Recirculating Flows and Fundamentals. This collection represents about a third of the total number of papers presented.

This volume contains papers selected from contributions made to the Fourth Symposium on "Applications of Laser Anemometry." It is divided into three chapters concerned respectively with single-phase flows, two-phase flows and instrumentation. In the first chapter, the papers are concerned with fundamental investigations of shear flows as well as important applications including the Earth's boundary layer and internal combustion engines. The two-phase flows include applications of amplitude- and phase-based techniques to the sprays of Diesel and gas-turbine engines and to a fluidised bed and slurry flows. The new instrumentation includes miniature and multipoint LDV arrangements, PIDV and photochromic visualisation as well as improved explanations of laser-based systems.

The Fourth International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows took place at Karlsruhe University in Germany. The papers presented at this Symposium encompassed a similar range to that of the previous meetings, with greater emphasis placed on experimental work, and continued a trend towards the examination of complex flows. Once again, three dimensional, recirculating and reacting flows featured strongly in the programme and were complemented by consideration of two-phase flows and discussions of both numerical and experimental techniques. The Symposium brought together some 300 participants from all over the world, and it was evident that there is a need for Turbulent Shear Flows Symposia, in order to obtain and communicate new information useful to researchers in the field of turbulent flows and of interest to engineers who design flow equipment. This volume contains 27 papers selected from more than 100 presentations at the Symposium which have been reviewed and edited before publication. Together they provide an indication of the status of current knowledge on the subjects represented at the Sympo sium. They are grouped into four sections, namely: * Fundamentals * Free Flows * Boundary Layers * Reacting Flows As in previous volumes in this series, each section begins with an introductory article con sidering the papers which follow in the broader context of available literature and current research.

This volume comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, held in Lisbon in July 1996.
The papers describe novel ideas for instrumentation, instrumentation developments, results of measurements of wall-bounded flows, free flows and flames and flow and combustion in engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing interest in the development of an understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation.

This volume consists of papers selected from the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon from 9 to 12 July, 1990. Relative to previous meetings in the Lisbon series the scope of this symposium was broadened by expanding the topical coverage to include all laser techniques used in fluid mechanics. This change recognized the trend amongst experimental fluid dynamicists to employ laser techniques for the mea surement of many different quantities, including concentration, temperature, particle size, and velocity, and the need for researchers to have a forum in which to communicate their work and share their common interests. The Fifth Symposium contained twenty-three sessions of formal presentations and a lively Open Forum ses sion. In addition, Dr. H. J. Pfeiffer organized a special Workshop on the Use of Computers in Flow Mea surements which contained five sessions on frequency domain processors, correIa tors, special detectors, and biasing."