The investigation of the relationships between a behavior pattern and its underlying sensory and neurophysiological mechanisms in both man and animals dates back well into the last century. However, the concepts and findings of ethology and experimental psychology, together with an improved understanding of how the nervous system is organized and how neurons interact with each other, have only in the last 30 years laid the groundwork for an in-depth analysis. The many technological advances achieved in neurophysiology and neuroanatomy have also played an important role in this. The study of the neuronal bases of behavior - for which the term "neuroethology" has been coined - has thus become one of the central themes of neuroscience. Kenneth David Roeder, who died in 1979, was one of the pioneers of this field of research. It is to him that the contributions in this book are dedicated. K.D. Roeder was among the first to attempt to define the correlation between the natural behavior of an experimental animal and the activity of single sensory and nerve cells. The ques tions he asked, his experimental approach, and his fundamental discoveries are pre sented in an introductory chapter."

Technological progress in a number of areas to include aerodynamics, micro- electronics, sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-manufacturing, and more, is ushering in the possibility for the affordable development and acquisition of a new class of military systems known as micro-air vehicles (MAV). MAVs are a subset of uninhabited air vehicles (UAV) that are up two orders of magnitude smaller than the manned systems that permeate our contemporary life. Recent advances in miniaturization may make possible vehicles that can carry out important military missions that heretofore were beyond our reach or could only be attained at great risk or resource expenditure. These missions will be possible if MAVs can fulfill their potential to attain certain attributes to include: low cost, low weight, little to no logistical footprint mission versatility, range, endurance, stealth, and precision. A review of the literature in this area indicates that the military potential of this emerging field remains on the technological push side of the equation with little to no requirements pull. from the user community. Accordingly, concepts of operations deriving from the war fighting community particularly the United States Air Force (USAF) are sparse. At a higher level, the potential of micro-air vehicles opens up new possibilities in the formulation of military strategies that require investigation. This paper provides an outline of the contemporary technological dimension of MAVs and contemplates how they might be used to enhance Air Force operations