This title tracks the development of Justice Thurgood Marshall's rationale and reason regarding Indian law. Drawing from Marshall's career preceding his appointment to the Supreme Court, it is anticipated that Marshall's views In Indian law would be consistent with his previous role as a champion of the disenfranchised in America.

This volume marks the end of twenty years of neurosecretion during which there were five symposia, namely Naples (1953), Lund (1957), Bristol (1961), Strasbourg (1966), and Kiel (1970). In comparison with these symposia an exceptionally large number of papers were read at this the sixth symposium, in London, and for economic reasons it has not been possible to publish all the papers in extenso. The editors have therefore been obliged to undertake the unenviable work of selection, a task made all the more difficult by the excel lence and importance of contributions of the symposium. We felt that it was of the utmost importance at this moment in the history of neurosecretion to present as complete a picture as possible of the present state of the subject in relation to the past and opportunities for the future. We have therefore given some preference to papers with a strong review element, research papers in areas of current importance and contributions which deal with recently developed techniques with promise for the future. We have more over attempted to strike some balance between the different areas of research on neurosecretion so that the volume as a whole may be of interest to the general reader, and that he will find in it a reasonably coherent pattern of thought which demonstrates neurosecretion as the final neuroendocrine pathway. We have attempted a certain degree of uniformity of spelling, symbols, etc."

It has been known for almost 50 years that many cells carry enzymes that hydro- lyze extracellular ATP, and the term "ecto-ATPase" was used first by Engelhardt 40 years ago. But until the end of the 1970's, the idea of an ATPase with its ATP hydrolyzing site on the outside of the cell membrane was met with substantial skepticism since it was thought that ATP was strictly intracellular. Nevertheless, ecto-ATPase activity was dem- onstrated using a variety of intact cells. Most ecto-ATPase(s) exhibited three common 2 characteristics: 1) activation by either Ca + or Mg2+, 2) insensitivity to the commonly used inhibitors ofF-type, P-type, and V-type ATPases, and 3) ability to hydrolyze nucleo- side triphosphates and often nucleoside diphosphates as well. At the same time, the dominant ATPase activity in many plasma membrane preparations was shown to be dis- tinct from the ion-pump ATPases, but had similar enzymatic properties as the ecto-AT- Pase(s). Thus the term "E-type ATPase activity" has been proposed for ATPase activity exhibiting these characteristics, and it is assumed that all ecto-ATPases are E-type AT- Pases. The converse is not true, however, since soluble E-type ATPases were shown to ex- sist in plants, microorganisms, and the saliva of blood sucking insects. These enzymes could be easily purified, and exhibited very high specific activity.

The book tracks the development of Justice Thurgood Marshall's rationale and reason regarding Indian law. Drawing from Marshall's career preceding his appointment to the Supreme Court, it is anticipated that Marshall's views In Indian law would be consistent with his previous role as a champion of the disenfranchised in America.