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Free-radical reactions have been for long time the domain of the
physical chemists and the basic chemical industry (polymerization
of vinyl monomers, oxidation by molecular oxygen, chlorination of
methane etc.), where the use of simple molecules and the
possibility of partial conversions without heavy problems of
product separations makes less dramatic the aspects of regio and
chemoselectivity. As synonym of unselectivity, free radical
reactions were considered of poor use in the synthesis of fine
chemicals or sophisticated molecules, where a high selectivity is
an essential condition for the success, or in the involvement of
biological processes. Within the last 15 years, however, an
authentic explosion of synthetic applications of free radical
reactions occurred; they have gained a remarkable position among
the selective methods of synthesis. At the same time the great
importance of free radical reactions in fundamental biological
processes and in the metabolism of drugs has been recognized. Thus
a specialized meeting on these topics was generally felt
appropriate. I had the honour and the onus to organize this
workshop because for more than 30 years I have been involved in the
research of free radical reactions. Thanks to a generous grant from
NATO Scientific Affairs Division and the financial support of CNR
and chemical industry (Montedison, Enichem, Zambon) such a meeting
among almost 50 specialists and 15 observers of sufficient standard
to take advantage of the discussion, became possible at Bardolino
(Italy).
Our understanding of the quantitative aspects of free radical
chemistry and the involvement of radicals in such areas as biology,
medicine, the environment, etc., has developed spectacularly over
recent years, yet the various topics are commonly discussed
separately, in specific meetings and specialised publications. Free
Radicals in Biology and Environment draws together two important
areas of free radical chemistry, using as a bridge the fundamental
physical chemistry of free radicals (spectroscopic detection of
free radicals, evaluation of absolute rate constants, elucidation
of mechanisms of free radical reactions and catalysis,
photochemical and radiation processes, etc.). The most relevant
topics covered are the EPR detection of radicals in biochemical
systems and in pollutant formation and degradation, oxidation
processes in biology and in the troposphere, radiation and induced
damage, and atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete
combustion. Also covered are the chemistry and biochemistry of
nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the chemistry and biochemistry of
DNA radicals, the role of radicals in myeloperoxidase,
lignineperoxidase, radicals and cardiovascular injury, radiation
and the fragmentation of cells and tissues.
Our understanding of the quantitative aspects of free radical
chemistry and the involvement of radicals in such areas as biology,
medicine, the environment, etc., has developed spectacularly over
recent years, yet the various topics are commonly discussed
separately, in specific meetings and specialised publications. Free
Radicals in Biology and Environment draws together two important
areas of free radical chemistry, using as a bridge the fundamental
physical chemistry of free radicals (spectroscopic detection of
free radicals, evaluation of absolute rate constants, elucidation
of mechanisms of free radical reactions and catalysis,
photochemical and radiation processes, etc.). The most relevant
topics covered are the EPR detection of radicals in biochemical
systems and in pollutant formation and degradation, oxidation
processes in biology and in the troposphere, radiation and induced
damage, and atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete
combustion. Also covered are the chemistry and biochemistry of
nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the chemistry and biochemistry of
DNA radicals, the role of radicals in myeloperoxidase,
lignineperoxidase, radicals and cardiovascular injury, radiation
and the fragmentation of cells and tissues.
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