This book provides an in-depth insight into the emerging paradigm of End-User Development (EUD), discussing the diversity and potential for creating effective environments for end users. Containing a unique set of contributions from a number of international researchers and institutes, many relevant issues are discussed and solutions proposed, making important aspects of end-user development research available to a broader audience. Most people are familiar with the basic functionality and interfaces of computers. However, developing new or modified applications that can effectively support users' goals still requires considerable programming expertise that cannot be expected of everyone. One of the fundamental challenges that lie ahead is the development of environments that enable users with little or no programming experience to develop and modify their own applications. The ultimate goal is to empower people to flexibly employ and personalise advanced inform ation and communication technologies.

This book provides an in-depth insight into the emerging paradigm of End-User Development (EUD), discussing the diversity and potential for creating effective environments for end users. Containing a unique set of contributions from a number of international researchers and institutes, many relevant issues are discussed and solutions proposed, making important aspects of end-user development research available to a broader audience. Most people are familiar with the basic functionality and interfaces of computers. However, developing new or modified applications that can effectively support users' goals still requires considerable programming expertise that cannot be expected of everyone. One of the fundamental challenges that lie ahead is the development of environments that enable users with little or no programming experience to develop and modify their own applications. The ultimate goal is to empower people to flexibly employ and personalise advanced inform ation and communication technologies.

Ubiquitous environments are important because they allow users to move about freely and continue the interaction with the available applications through a variety of interactive devices (including cell phones, PDA's, desktop computers, digital television sets, and intelligent watches). A frustrating limitation is that people have to start their session over again from the beginning at each interaction device change. This book reports results based on the work in the OPEN project. It provides solutions able to address three key aspects: device change, state persistence and content adaptation. There is a lack of migratory services technology for the migration of applications in different usage scenarios. This book offers a general and open migratory service platform solution based on a sound and innovative scientific approach developed by a multi-disciplinary consortium combining the expertise of three technological world leaders, three well-known research organizations and one SME.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the third International Joint Conference an Ambient Intelligence, AmI 2012, held in Pisa, Italy, in November 2012. The 18 revised full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 (full papers) respectively 14 (short papers) submissions. From a scientific point of view, the papers make a multidisciplinary approach covering fields like computer science, human computer interaction, electrical engineering, industrial design, behavioral sciences, aimed at enriching physical environments with a network of distributed devices, such as sensors, actuators, and computational resources, in order to support users in their everyday activities. From a technological perspective the volume represents the convergence of recent achievements in ubiquitous and communication technologies, pervasive computing, intelligent user interfaces and artificial intelligence.

Making systems easier to use implies increasingly complex management of communication between users and applications. An increasing part of the application program is devoted to the user interface. In order to manage this complexity, it is very important to have tools, notations, and methodologies that support the designer's work during the refinement process from specification to implementation.
The purpose of this proceedings of the first (1994) Eurographics workshop on this area is to review the state of the art. It compares the different existing approaches in order to identify the principal requirements and the most suitable notations and methods, and indicates the relevant results.

The IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC) is one of the most important conferences in the area of computer science and a number of related Human and Social Science disciplines at the worldwide level and it has a federated structure, which takes into account the rapidly growing and expanding interests in this area. Human-Computer Interaction is now a mature and still dynamically evolving part of this area, which is represented in IFIP by the Technical Committee 13 on HCI. We are convinced that in this edition of WCC, which takes place for the first time in Italy, it will be interesting and useful to have a Symposium on Human- Computer Interaction in order to present and discuss a number of contributions in this field. There has been increasing awareness among designers of interactive systems of the importance of designing for usability, but we are still far from having products that are really usable, and usability can mean different things depending on the application domain. We are all aware that too many users of current technology feel often frustrated because computer systems are not compatible with their abilities and needs with existing work practices. As designers of tomorrow technology, we have the responsibility of creating computer artefacts that would permit better user experience with the various computing devices, so that users may enjoy more satisfying experiences with information and communications technologies.

The IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC) is one of the most important conferences in the area of computer science at the worldwide level and it has a federated structure, which takes into account the rapidly growing and expanding interests in this area. Informatics is rapidly changing and becoming more and more connected to a number of human and social science disciplines. Human-computer interaction is now a mature and still dynamically evolving part of this area, which is represented in IFIP by the Technical Committee 13 on HCI. In this WCC edition it was interesting and useful to have again a Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction in order to p- sent and discuss a number of contributions in this field. There has been increasing awareness among designers of interactive systems of the importance of designing for usability, but we are still far from having products that are really usable, and usability can mean different things depending on the app- cation domain. We are all aware that too many users of current technology often feel frustrated because computer systems are not compatible with their abilities and needs in existing work practices. As designers of tomorrow's technology, we have the - sponsibility of creating computer artifacts that would permit better user experience with the various computing devices, so that users may enjoy more satisfying expe- ences with information and communications technologies.

The IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC) is one of the most important conferences in the area of computer science and a number of related Human and Social Science disciplines at the worldwide level and it has a federated structure, which takes into account the rapidly growing and expanding interests in this area. Human-Computer Interaction is now a mature and still dynamically evolving part of this area, which is represented in IFIP by the Technical Committee 13 on HCI. We are convinced that in this edition of WCC, which takes place for the first time in Italy, it will be interesting and useful to have a Symposium on Human- Computer Interaction in order to present and discuss a number of contributions in this field. There has been increasing awareness among designers of interactive systems of the importance of designing for usability, but we are still far from having products that are really usable, and usability can mean different things depending on the application domain. We are all aware that too many users of current technology feel often frustrated because computer systems are not compatible with their abilities and needs with existing work practices. As designers of tomorrow technology, we have the responsibility of creating computer artefacts that would permit better user experience with the various computing devices, so that users may enjoy more satisfying experiences with information and communications technologies.

By now, most people have become familiar with the basic functionality and interfaces of computers. However, developing new or modified applications that effectively support users' goals still requires considerable expertise in programming that cannot be expected from most people. Thus, one fundamental challenge for the coming years is to develop environments that allow users who do not have background in programming to develop or modify their own applications, with the ultimate aim of empowering people to flexibly employ advanced information and communication technologies. The present book is an effort to make many important aspects of the international discussion on End User Development (EUD) available to a broader audience. It provides a unique set of contributions from various research institutes in various countries addressing relevant issues and proposing original solutions.

By now, most people have become familiar with the basic functionality and interfaces of computers. However, developing new or modified applications that effectively support users' goals still requires considerable expertise in programming that cannot be expected from most people. Thus, one fundamental challenge for the coming years is to develop environments that allow users who do not have background in programming to develop or modify their own applications, with the ultimate aim of empowering people to flexibly employ advanced information and communication technologies.The present book is an effort to make many important aspects of the international discussion on End User Development (EUD) available to a broader audience. It provides a unique set of contributions from various research institutes in various countries addressing relevant issues and proposing original solutions.

We will be, sooner or later, not only handling personal computers but also mul- purpose cellular phones, complex personal digital assistants, devices that will be context-aware, and even wearable computers stitched to our clothes...we would like these personal systems to become transparent to the tasks they will be performing. In fact the best interface is an invisible one, one giving the user natural and fast access to the application he (or she) intends to be executed. The working group that organized this conference (the last of a long row!) tried to combine a powerful scientific program (with drastic refereeing) with an entertaining cultural program, so as to make your stay in Rome the most pleasant one all round: I do hope that this expectation becomes true. July 2005 Stefano Levialdi, IEEE Life Fellow INTERACT 2005 General Chairman [1] Peter J. Denning, ACM Communications, April 2005, vol. 48, N Degrees 4, pp. 27-31. Editors' Preface INTERACT is one of the most important conferences in the area of Human-Computer Interaction at the world-wide level. We believe that this edition, which for the first time takes place in a Southern European country, will strengthen this role, and that Rome, with its history and beautiful setting provides a very congenial atmosphere for this conference. The theme of INTERACT 2005 is Communicating Naturally with Computers.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction, Mobile HCI 2002, held in Pisa, Italy, in September 2002.The revised 18 full papers and 32 short papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The book offers topical sections on location awareness, design support for personal digital assistants, context dependent systems, innovative case studies, usability evaluation in small devices, and novel user interfaces for mobile devices.

The wait for the year 2000 was marked by the fear of possible bugs that might have arisen at its beginning. One additional fear we had during this wait was whether - ganising this event would have generated a boon or another bug. The reasons for this fear originated in the awareness that the design of interactive systems is a fast moving area. The type of research work presented at this unique event has received limited support from funding agencies and industries making it more difficult to keep up with the rapid technological changes occurring in interaction technology. However, despite our fear, the workshop was successful because of the high-quality level of participation and discussion. Before discussing such results, let us step back and look at the evolution of DSV-IS (Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems), an international wo- shop that has been organised every year since 1994. The first books that addressed this issue in a complete and thorough manner were the collection of contributions edited by Harrison and Thimbleby and the book written by Alan Dix, which focused on abstractions useful to highlight important concepts in the design of interactive systems. Since then, this area has attracted the interest of a wider number of research groups, and some workshops on related topics started to be organised. DSV-IS had its origins in this spreading and growing interest. The first workshop was held in a monastery located in the hills above Bocca di Magra (Italy).

This book covers methods for user interface design and evaluation. It shows how the systematic use of task models can make the design and development of interactive software applications easier and more effective, and how it can lead to improved usability. Useful examples of how to apply the methods will be of interest to application developers. A website containing additional exercises and pointers to relevant freeware will also be available.

Formal methods have already been shown to improve the development process and quality assurance in system design and implementation. This volume examines whether these benefits also apply to the field of human-computer interface design and implementation, and whether formal methods can offer useful support in usability evaluation and obtaining more reliable implementations of user requirements. Its main aim is to compare the different approaches and examine which particular type of implementation and problem each one is best suited to. To enable the reader to compare and contrast the approaches as easily as possible, each one is applied to the same case study: the specification of an ideal Netscape-like web browser and html page server. The resulting volume will provide invaluable reading for final year undergraduate and postgraduate courses on user interfaces, user interface design, and applications of formal methods.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on End-User Development, IS-EUD 2017, held in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in June 2017. The 10 full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. According to the theme of the conference "that was business, this is personal" the papers address the personal involvement and engagement of end-users, the application of end-user programming beyond the professional environment looking also at discretionary use of technologies. They also deal with topics covered by the broader area of end-user development such as domain specific tools, spreadsheets, and end user aspects.

Ubiquitous environments are important because they allow users to move about freely and continue the interaction with the available applications through a variety of interactive devices (including cell phones, PDA's, desktop computers, digital television sets, and intelligent watches). A frustrating limitation is that people have to start their session over again from the beginning at each interaction device change. This book reports results based on the work in the OPEN project. It provides solutions able to address three key aspects: device change, state persistence and content adaptation. There is a lack of migratory services technology for the migration of applications in different usage scenarios. This book offers a general and open migratory service platform solution based on a sound and innovative scientific approach developed by a multi-disciplinary consortium combining the expertise of three technological world leaders, three well-known research organizations and one SME.