This volume collects peer-reviewed short papers presented at the Optimization and Decision Science conference (ODS 2022) held in Florence (Italy) from August 30th to September 2nd, 2022,  organized by the Global Optimization Laboratory within the University of Florence and AIRO (the Italian Association for Operations Research). The book includes contributions in the fields of operations research, optimization, problem solving, decision making and their applications in the most diverse domains. Moreover, a special focus is set on the challenging theme Operations Research: inclusion and equity. The work offers 30 contributions, covering a wide spectrum of methodologies and applications. Specifically, they feature the following topics: (i) Variational Inequalities, Equilibria and Games, (ii) Optimization and Machine Learning, (iii) Global Optimization,  (iv) Optimization under Uncertainty, (v) Combinatorial Optimization, (vi) Transportation and Mobility,  (vii) Health Care Management, and (viii) Applications. This book is primarily addressed to researchers and PhD students of the operations research community. However, due to its interdisciplinary content, it will be of high interest for other closely related research communities.

This volume collects the expanded notes of four series of lectures given on the occasion of the CIME course on Nonlinear Optimization held in Cetraro, Italy, from July 1 to 7, 2007. The Nonlinear Optimization problem of main concern here is the problem n of determining a vector of decision variables x ? R that minimizes (ma- n mizes) an objective function f(.): R ? R, when x is restricted to belong n to some feasible setF? R, usually described by a set of equality and - n n m equality constraints: F = {x ? R: h(x)=0, h(.): R ? R; g(x) ? 0, n p g(.): R ? R }; of course it is intended that at least one of the functions f, h, g is nonlinear. Although the problem canbe stated in verysimpleterms, its solution may result very di?cult due to the analytical properties of the functions involved and/or to the number n, m, p of variables and constraints. On the other hand, the problem has been recognized to be of main relevance in engineering, economics, and other applied sciences, so that a great lot of e?ort has been devoted to develop methods and algorithms able to solve the problem even in its more di?cult and large instances. The lectures have been given by eminent scholars, who contributed to a great extent to the development of Nonlinear Optimization theory, methods and algorithms. Namely, they are: - Professor Immanuel M."