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Grassland farming in Europe was already established during the
settlement of the rst farmers together with their domesticated
animals after the last ice age. Since then, grassland provides the
forage basis to feed ruminant animals for the p- duction of meat
and milk. Depending on the ecological conditions and intensity of
usage, various plant communities with different species developed,
displaying a rich biodiversity. With the introduction of improved
crop rotations at the end of the 16th century, grasses and legumes
were also grown to an important extent as forage crops on arable
land. In the last decades the importance of amenity grasses
increased markedly, due to the demand of the society for new usages
like landscape protection. Around 1900 interested farmers and
academics identi ed the need for gra- land improvement through
systematic selection and seed production. This marks the beginning
of breeding and research in companies but also at universities and
specialized research institutes. Plant collection started with many
of the species that are still of importance today. The collected
materials were grouped according to the intended use and some type
of phenotypic selection was applied. Seed mul- plication of such
populations was performed in pure stands and the harvested seed was
marketed. Although the vegetative biomass and its quality are of
utmost imp- tance in forage crop breeding, it is the seed yield
potential which determines the commercial success of a new variety.
Grassland farming in Europe was already established during the
settlement of the rst farmers together with their domesticated
animals after the last ice age. Since then, grassland provides the
forage basis to feed ruminant animals for the p- duction of meat
and milk. Depending on the ecological conditions and intensity of
usage, various plant communities with different species developed,
displaying a rich biodiversity. With the introduction of improved
crop rotations at the end of the 16th century, grasses and legumes
were also grown to an important extent as forage crops on arable
land. In the last decades the importance of amenity grasses
increased markedly, due to the demand of the society for new usages
like landscape protection. Around 1900 interested farmers and
academics identi ed the need for gra- land improvement through
systematic selection and seed production. This marks the beginning
of breeding and research in companies but also at universities and
specialized research institutes. Plant collection started with many
of the species that are still of importance today. The collected
materials were grouped according to the intended use and some type
of phenotypic selection was applied. Seed mul- plication of such
populations was performed in pure stands and the harvested seed was
marketed. Although the vegetative biomass and its quality are of
utmost imp- tance in forage crop breeding, it is the seed yield
potential which determines the commercial success of a new variety.
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