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The Environmental Impact of Cities assesses the environmental
impact that comes from cities and their inhabitants, demonstrating
that our current political and economic systems are not
environmentally sustainable because they are designed for endless
growth in a system which is finite. It is already well documented
that political, economic and social forces are capable of shaping
cities and their expansion, retraction, gentrification,
re-population, industrialisation or de-industrialisation. However,
the links between these political and economic forces and the
environmental impact they have on urban areas have yet to be
numerically presented. As a result, it is not clear how our cities
are affecting the environment, meaning it is currently impossible
to relate their economic, political and social systems to their
environmental performance. This book examines a broad selection of
cities covering a wide range of political systems, geography,
cultural backgrounds and population size. The environmental impact
of the selected cities is calculated using both ecological
footprint and carbon emissions, two of the most extensively
available indices for measuring environmental impact. The results
are then considered in terms of political, economic and social
factors to ascertain the degree to which these factors are helping
or hindering the reduction of the environmental impact of humans.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of
sustainability, urban planning, urban design, environmental
sciences, geography and sociology.
Sustainability and Toxicity of Building Materials: Manufacture, Use
and Disposal Stages provides a review of toxicity impacts from
building materials, including the consideration of the toxicity in
the extraction and manufacture of the materials and eventual
dismantling and disposal. This book also offers the potential to
stimulate future developments in this area, both in terms of
knowledge-building and methods for future research. With the
increasing emphasis on sustainable construction, it has become
important to better understand the impacts of common materials.
Civil and structural engineers, postgraduates, researchers as well
as architects will find this book to be useful in selecting
sustainable building materials. While many building and furnishing
materials are safe to use, in recent decades, some have had to be
redesigned due to recognition that they contained problem chemicals
like formaldehyde. Unfortunately, there is still limited
understanding of the toxic impacts of many synthetic chemicals
which means that the risks in this area are not well recognized.
With increasing interest in using limited resources more
sustainably, definitions of what is sustainable should be expanded
to move from the focus on energy and carbon impacts to also include
more explicit consideration of toxicity impacts.
The Environmental Impact of Cities assesses the environmental
impact that comes from cities and their inhabitants, demonstrating
that our current political and economic systems are not
environmentally sustainable because they are designed for endless
growth in a system which is finite. It is already well documented
that political, economic and social forces are capable of shaping
cities and their expansion, retraction, gentrification,
re-population, industrialisation or de-industrialisation. However,
the links between these political and economic forces and the
environmental impact they have on urban areas have yet to be
numerically presented. As a result, it is not clear how our cities
are affecting the environment, meaning it is currently impossible
to relate their economic, political and social systems to their
environmental performance. This book examines a broad selection of
cities covering a wide range of political systems, geography,
cultural backgrounds and population size. The environmental impact
of the selected cities is calculated using both ecological
footprint and carbon emissions, two of the most extensively
available indices for measuring environmental impact. The results
are then considered in terms of political, economic and social
factors to ascertain the degree to which these factors are helping
or hindering the reduction of the environmental impact of humans.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of
sustainability, urban planning, urban design, environmental
sciences, geography and sociology.
The impact of humanity on the earth overshoots the earth's
bio-capacity to supply humanity's needs, meaning that people are
living off earth's capital rather than its income. However, not all
countries are equal and this book explores why apparently similar
patterns of daily living can lead to larger and smaller
environmental impacts. The contributors describe daily life in many
different places in the world and then calculate the environmental
impact of these ways of living from the perspective of ecological
and carbon footprints. This leads to comparison and discussion of
what living within the limits of the planet might mean. Current
footprints for countries are derived from national statistics and
these hide the variety of impacts made by individual people and the
choices they make in their daily lives. This book takes a
'bottom-up' approach by calculating the footprints of daily living.
The purpose is to show that small changes in behaviour now could
avoid some very challenging problems in the future. Offering a
global perspective on the question of sustainable living, this book
will be of great interest to anyone with a concern for the future,
as well as students and researchers in environmental studies, human
geography and development studies.
The impact of humanity on the earth overshoots the earth's
bio-capacity to supply humanity's needs, meaning that people are
living off earth's capital rather than its income. However, not all
countries are equal and this book explores why apparently similar
patterns of daily living can lead to larger and smaller
environmental impacts. The contributors describe daily life in many
different places in the world and then calculate the environmental
impact of these ways of living from the perspective of ecological
and carbon footprints. This leads to comparison and discussion of
what living within the limits of the planet might mean. Current
footprints for countries are derived from national statistics and
these hide the variety of impacts made by individual people and the
choices they make in their daily lives. This book takes a
'bottom-up' approach by calculating the footprints of daily living.
The purpose is to show that small changes in behaviour now could
avoid some very challenging problems in the future. Offering a
global perspective on the question of sustainable living, this book
will be of great interest to anyone with a concern for the future,
as well as students and researchers in environmental studies, human
geography and development studies.
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