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With gridlock, presidents increasingly rely on unilateral actions -
means not requiring legislative statutes - which many view as
tantamount to power. Using a variety of approaches, Chiou and
Rothenberg show that this need not be the case as, under many
conditions, the chief executive's employment of such tools is
constrained. Rather, presidents contemplating issuing executive
orders are often constrained by worries about challenging the
legislature and the courts. Most notably, the ability of Congress
to employ extra-statutory means, involving efforts by legislators
and their parties that don't require passing a law, limit how
presidents utilize their discretion. Additionally, political
parties can influence presidential choices and actions both by
restricting the ideological direction in which presidents can push
policy via discretionary authority and by agenda-setting and
disciplining members in the legislative process. Nor are all
presidential actions equal, as the policy area involved and the
importance of an action condition presidential power.
With gridlock, presidents increasingly rely on unilateral actions -
means not requiring legislative statutes - which many view as
tantamount to power. Using a variety of approaches, Chiou and
Rothenberg show that this need not be the case as, under many
conditions, the chief executive's employment of such tools is
constrained. Rather, presidents contemplating issuing executive
orders are often constrained by worries about challenging the
legislature and the courts. Most notably, the ability of Congress
to employ extra-statutory means, involving efforts by legislators
and their parties that don't require passing a law, limit how
presidents utilize their discretion. Additionally, political
parties can influence presidential choices and actions both by
restricting the ideological direction in which presidents can push
policy via discretionary authority and by agenda-setting and
disciplining members in the legislative process. Nor are all
presidential actions equal, as the policy area involved and the
importance of an action condition presidential power.
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