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Cortisol is the principal active glucocorticoid produced by the
human adrenal gland, which is the key regulator of whole-body
homeostasis. Cortisol is essential for provision of nutrients to
tissues via carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It also
affects all of the major systems of the body, including the
cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, and immune systems, and
play critical roles in fetal development. Secretion of cortisol is
controlled by hypothalamus, pituitary and the adrenal gland. CRH
released from the hypothalamus acts on pituitary gland to release
ACTH, which acts on the adrenal gland to increase the synthesis and
release of cortisol. This book focuses on the changes in plasma
cortisol observed in adult male rabbits treated with monosodium
glutamate. Monosodium glutamate, is the salt which is frequently
used in daily life. This book demonstrates that how monosodium
glutamate crosses the blood brain barrier; acts on the HPA axis;
and consequently increases the plasma cortisol level.
Diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycemic clinical manifestation due to
a dysfunction of metabolic systems (carbohydrate, lipid and protein
metabolism) and is one of the most common disorders of endocrine.
It is usually recognized as a result of the abnormal secretion of
insulin by pancreatic -cells, inability of the insulin to stimulate
the peripheral utilization (muscles and adipocytes) and increased
endogenous glucose production by liver. DM is classified as Type 1
and Type 2 diabetes. The cause of the Type 1 diabetes mellitus has
been attributed to lower insulin level in the body due to
autoimmune destruction of -cells. Alterations in male reproductive
system have been widely reported in diabetic human and also in
model animals with diabetes.This book focuses on the alloxan
induced diabetes on male reproductive hormones and testicular
histology in male rabbits. This book demonstrates the effects of
diabetes on animal reproductive system; and will add new research
and knowledge to the hazardous effects of diabetes that it
contributes to the male rabbits.
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