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While the computer revolution has created hundreds of thousands of
new jobs, it has threatened as many other jobs with obsolescence
and has often caused the displacement of workers by computer-based
machines. Here, Nobel Prize-winning economist Wassily Leontief and
Faye Duchin use the input-output approach, a method that has been
widely applied in examining structural economic change, to analyze
the complex issues surrounding the impact of computer-driven
automation on employment. Following a general discussion of the
impact of automation on employment, they focus on four specific
sectors within the economy--manufacturing, office work, education,
and health care. The input-output approach makes it possible to
draw conclusions regarding both overall employment and the
prospects for individual occupations. Taking account of the
increased need for workers in the production of computer-based
equipment, the authors conclude that by the year 2000 automation
will not cause dramatic unemployment if the economy is able to
achieve a smooth transition from the old to new technologies.
One of the most important and complex problems facing both
developing and industrialized nations is how to sustain economic
growth without harming the environment. Faye Duchin and Glenn-Marie
Lange address this issue in a practical and realistic way: through
a detailed evaluation of the well-known approach to sustainable
development outlined in the Brundtland Report, Our Common Future.
Taking issue with the Brundtland Report's optimistic and widely
accepted assumptions, the authors show that the positive effects of
recycling, increased fuel-efficiency, and other technological
adjustments will not go far enough to provide for truly sustainable
development in the long term. Through a new, broad-based empirical
analysis, they argue that unless there are significant changes in
lifestyles and the use of technologies, continued environmental
degradation cannot be avoided. They warn that the trend of making
only slight adjustments in the use of technologies, while feasible
from an economic point of view for industrialized nations, will
undoubtedly lead to further environmental damage.
In addition to offering a clear and unflinching look at what
development is really doing to the global environment, the unique
conceptual framework developed for this analysis provides an
invaluable basis for analysis for the new, multidisciplinary field
of ecological economics. Duchin and Lange describe how this new
methodology will enable economists and policy-makers to evaluate
our options for the future, and choose those that most effectively
reduce environmental degradation and achieve sustainable
development. The book will appeal to economists, environmental
scientists and activists, policy analysts, and ecologists, as well
as the general reader with an interest in the sustainable
development of our environment.
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