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During the last thirty years a great advancement in low energy
physics, particularly interactions of atoms with the
electromagnetic field, has been achieved and the development of
electronics and laser techniques has allowed to implement a fine
manipulation of atoms with photons. A wealth of important
applications has sprung out from the ability of manipulating large
samples of cold atoms. Among them, the improvement of atomic clocks
and the creation of atomic gyroscopes and of atomic gravity meters,
which is obviously of great interest for geodesists and
geophysicists, particularly for potential applications in satellite
geodesy. This book explains the fundamental concepts necessary to
understand atom manipulation by photons, including the principles
of quantum mechanics. It is conceived as a road that leads the
reader from classical physics (mechanics and electromagnetism,
considered as a common scientific background of geodesists and
geophysicists), to the basics of quantum mechanics in order to
understand the dynamics of atoms falling in the gravity field,
while interacting with suitably resonant laser beams. There are
different types of measurements of gravity based on the
manipulation of ultra-cold atoms; the book presents the principles
of the instruments based on stimulated Raman transition, which can
be easily worked out analytically. However, the concepts explained
in the text can provide a good starting point to understand also
the applications based on the so-called Block oscillations or on
the Bose-Einstein condensation.
During the last thirty years a great advancement in low energy
physics, particularly interactions of atoms with the
electromagnetic field, has been achieved and the development of
electronics and laser techniques has allowed to implement a fine
manipulation of atoms with photons. A wealth of important
applications has sprung out from the ability of manipulating large
samples of cold atoms. Among them, the improvement of atomic clocks
and the creation of atomic gyroscopes and of atomic gravity meters,
which is obviously of great interest for geodesists and
geophysicists, particularly for potential applications in satellite
geodesy. This book explains the fundamental concepts necessary to
understand atom manipulation by photons, including the principles
of quantum mechanics. It is conceived as a road that leads the
reader from classical physics (mechanics and electromagnetism,
considered as a common scientific background of geodesists and
geophysicists), to the basics of quantum mechanics in order to
understand the dynamics of atoms falling in the gravity field,
while interacting with suitably resonant laser beams. There are
different types of measurements of gravity based on the
manipulation of ultra-cold atoms; the book presents the principles
of the instruments based on stimulated Raman transition, which can
be easily worked out analytically. However, the concepts explained
in the text can provide a good starting point to understand also
the applications based on the so-called Block oscillations or on
the Bose-Einstein condensation.
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