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Boundary value problems on bounded or unbounded intervals,
involving two or more coupled systems of nonlinear differential and
integral equations with full nonlinearities, are scarce in the
literature. The present work by the authors desires to fill this
gap. The systems covered here include differential and integral
equations of Hammerstein-type with boundary constraints, on bounded
or unbounded intervals. These are presented in several forms and
conditions (three points, mixed, with functional dependence,
homoclinic and heteroclinic, amongst others). This would be the
first time that differential and integral coupled systems are
studied systematically. The existence, and in some cases, the
localization of the solutions are carried out in Banach space,
following several types of arguments and approaches such as
Schauder's fixed-point theorem or Guo-Krasnosel'ski? fixed-point
theorem in cones, allied to Green's function or its estimates,
lower and upper solutions, convenient truncatures, the Nagumo
condition presented in different forms, the concept of
equiconvergence, Caratheodory functions, and sequences. Moreover,
the final part in the volume features some techniques on how to
relate differential coupled systems to integral ones, which require
less regularity. Parallel to the theoretical explanation of this
work, there is a range of practical examples and applications
involving real phenomena, focusing on physics, mechanics, biology,
forestry, and dynamical systems, which researchers and students
will find useful.
This volume provides a comprehensive overview on different types of
higher order boundary value problems defined on the half-line or on
the real line (Sturm-Liouville and Lidstone types, impulsive,
functional and problems defined by Hammerstein integral equations).
It also includes classical and new methods and techniques to deal
with the lack of compactness of the related operators.The reader
will find a selection of original and recent results in this field,
conditions to obtain solutions with particular qualitative
properties, such as homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions and its
relation with the solutions of Lidstone problems on all the real
line.Each chapter contains applications to real phenomena, to
classical equations or problems, with a common denominator: they
are defined on unbounded intervals and the existing results in the
literature are scarce or proven only numerically in discrete
cases.The last part features some higher order functional problems,
which generalize the classical two-point or multi-point boundary
conditions, to more comprehensive data where an overall behavior of
the unknown functions and their derivatives is involved.
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