As an essential dimension of our information space, time plays a very important role in every aspect of our lives. A specification of temporal information is necessarily required for a large group of applications, including the Semantic Web and natural language. In response to this need, we have developed a rich ontology of temporal concepts, OWL-Time (formerly DAML-Time), for describing the temporal content of Web pages and the temporal properties of Web services. Since most of the information on the Web is in natural language, it can also be used to increase temporal awareness for natural language applications. The ontology is represented in first-order logic and the OWL Web Ontology Language. It covers a very rich set of temporal concepts, extending Hobbs (2002)'s work with more complex temporal phenomena, such as temporal aggregates, temporal arithmetic mixing months and days, and vague event durations. Since missing explicit and exact durations is one of the most common sources of incomplete information for temporal reasoning, we have constructed an annotated corpus and applied machine learning techniques to automatically extract implicit and vague event durations from text.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Design state-of-the-art charge pumpsCharge Pump IC Design delivers an advanced systematic approach to charge pump circuit design-from building blocks to final pump. The book describes how to achieve high power efficiency and low supply noise. Negative feedback control, compensation, and stability are discussed and real-world design examples with schematics are included. The proven techniques presented in this practical, cutting-edge guide will help you to provide the efficient power conversion needed for today's portable electronic devices. Comprehensive coverage includes: Regulators and power converters Charge pump design specifications and design metrics Single stage charge pump Multi-stage charge pump Charge pump clock driver Charge pump stability analysis Charge pump design, regulation, and control by examples Charge pump applications

The First-Ever Guide to Designing and Implementing Charge Pumps for Today's Low-Cost, High-Performance Mobile Devices!.

. A groundbreaking tool for circuit design engineers, "Charge Pump Circuit Design" is the first book to focus solely on the design and implementation of charge pumps used in EEPROMs, Flash memory, White LED drivers, and a myriad of other circuits finding mass applications in PDAs, digital cameras, MP3 players, video recorders, cell phones, USB drives, and more. .

. Written by two of today's leading circuit designers, "Charge Pump Circuit Design" explores the basic operations, design criteria, and newest approaches for designing state-of-the-art charge pumps. The authors explain the different architectures and requirements, providing comprehensive information for each stage in the design process. Filled with 100 detailed illustrations, this time-saving reference also presents a wealth of practical design tips and potential pitfalls to avoid..

. "Charge Pump Circuit Design" features: . The latest design techniques for creating highly efficient charge pumps for any type of application requirement . Step-by-step guidelines for completing a charge pump design -- from initial concept to implementation of actual layout. Thorough mathematical derivations and analyses of operations that are applicable to all charge pump requirements, regardless of the system being designed.

. Inside This Landmark Design Reference:
. * History of High-Voltage Charge Pumps * Basic Operations of Charge Pumps * Criteria of a Generic Charge Pump * How to Design a Basic Charge Pump * How to Design a Better Charge Pump * Charge Pump Architectures * Future Design Reference. . . .