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Late Prehistoric Fortifications in Europe: Defensive, Symbolic and
Territorial Aspects from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age presents
the contributions to the International Colloquium
‘FortMetalAges’ (10th–12th November 2017, Guimarães,
Portugal), The Colloquium was organised by the Scientific
Commission ‘Metal Ages in Europe’ of the International Union of
Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (UISPP/ IUSPP) and by the
Martin Sarmento Society of Guimarães. Nineteen papers discuss
different interpretive ideas for defensive structures whose
construction had necessitated large investment, present new case
studies, and conduct comparative analysis between different regions
and chronological periods from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age.
As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human
activity," and its interpretation, although fraught with difficulty
is thus of prime importance. This collection of papers, taken from
the 15th UISPP congress, mainly look at specific symbols and their
interpretation. Thus there are papers on faceless anthropomorphic
symbols, the pentagram, spirals and lozenges, bulls horn symbols,
footprint and handprint symbols, cupmarks and triangles, and net
patterns and ruled rectangles. The volume is completed by two
essays on particular rock art sites in Portugal and Galicia.
Ten essays from a session of the 15th UISPP Congress (2006), which
demonstrate the importance of the cognitive-processual approach
pioneered by Colin Renfrew in studying prehistoric iconography.
Topics include the location and orientation of passage tombs in
Ireland, the symbolic use of celestial bodies in Bronze Age
Hungary, ship images in rock art, female statues in Romania,
symbolism in the East European Chalcolothic, rock art in France,
and metal deposits in the Alps. There are also three purely
theoretical papers.
Filiform rock art appears as a spontaneous technique, more simple
and immediate than pecking, good either for autonomous strands of
expression, or for sketches and first drafts regarding works of
painting or pecking. According to the order of presentation of the
session's papers during the XVII IUPPS (UISPP) Conference in
Burgos, the articles published here are the following: Late
prehistoric incised rock art in southern Europe: a contribution for
its typology, by Fernando A. Coimbra, where the author presents a
preliminary typology of this kind of rock art, divided in two
groups (geometric and figurative), approaching not only common
themes to several countries, but also some examples that have only
a regional character; Filiform rock art in mount Bego (Tende,
Maritime Alps, France), by Nicoletta Bianchi, which analyses some
cases where pecked carvings overlap filiforms, therefore pre-dating
pecked engravings and studies the interaction of the two carvings
tradition; Filiform figures in the rock art of Valcamonica from
Prehistory to the Roman age, by Umberto Sansoni, Cinzia Bettineschi
and Silvana Gavaldo, that provides a general corpus of the
figurative incised rock art of Valcamonica with a quantitative and
qualitative approach, by considering the typological variety, the
long-lasting chronological dating and the strong relation with the
local pecked rock art of the Camunian filiforms; Threadlike
engravings of historical period on the rocks and plaster of
churches and civic buildings. Some comparisons and proposals of
interpretation, by Federico Troletti, which presents the incised
engravings exclusively of historical time located in some sites of
Valcamonica - the area of Campanine di Cimbergo and Monticolo di
Darfo; The rock art from Figueiredo (Serta, Portugal): typology,
parallels and chronology, by Fernando A. Coimbra and Sara Garces,
focusing vi on the description of the engravings from three carved
rocks with incised motives from the place of Figueiredo, in central
Portugal, which were studied during different fieldworks. Two other
papers of researchers that couldn't attend the Conference were also
presented: The filiform rock art from Kosovo, by Shemsi Krasniqi,
which presents recent findings from Kosovo with a similar typology
of figures from other European countries; The filiform rock
engravings of the Parete Manzi of Montelapiano (Chieti, Italy), by
Tomaso Di Fraia, which analyses the problematic of incised rock art
from a rock shelter in the centre of Italy.
These papers arose from a workshop at the 15th uispp congress which
aimed to provide an opportunity for researchers from a number of
institutions to compare ideas and to seek to develop a standardised
system for recording rock art, or a family of interconnecting
systems, based on information technology. The papers present
various cataloguing systems, and explore issues of conservation,
accessibility, and of intellectual rights.
1. The Emergence of warrior societies and its economic, social and
environmental consequences. Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World
Congress (1-7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain) Session A3c edited by
Fernando Coimbra and Davide Delfino: Several works have been
dedicated to the aim of warfare in European Bronze Age, by a point
of view of bronze technology and archaeometallurgy. The present
volume wants to be a short and actualized contribution to the study
and interpretation of warrior societies, through a point of view of
the marks of the first warfare in Europe, its causes and its
consequences in all the intelligible evidences, both from a point
of view of material culture, of landscape, of human behavior and
artistic manifestations. 2. Aegean - Mediterranean imports and
influences in the graves from continental Europe - Bronze and Iron
Ages. Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1-7 September
2014, Burgos, Spain) Session A16a edited by Valeriu Sirbu and
Cristian Schuster: There is already a 'history' with not only
different, but sometimes contradictory opinions regarding the role
played by the Aegean-Mediterranean area in the evolution of the
peoples who lived in continental Europe during the age of Bronze
and Iron, including burial customs. The organizers of this session
proposed, through ongoing communication and the discussions that
followed, to obtain new data on the influences and
Aegean-Mediterranean imports found in the graves, and the possible
movements of groups of people who carried them. The main area of
interest focused on the 'roads' and the stages of their
penetration, but also considered feedback from peripheral areas.
The session aims to highlight the role of the southern imports in
the evolution of local communities' elites and their impact on the
general development of the populations of continental Europe, the
possible meanings of their deposit in the burials. Analysis of
these phenomena over wide geographical areas (from the Urals to the
Atlantic) and large chronological periods (the third-. first
millennia BC) allow the identification of certain traits as general
(eg., the continuity and discontinuity), or particular (eg., the
impact of imports and southern influences on communities of
different geographical areas).
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