Effects of various gamma rays i.e. .5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 kard were observed on the various genetic parameters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). The difference in mean value due to radiation doses were highly significant for radical length, plumule length, number of roots and dry weight, while significant in Germination percentage and Diameter of epicotyls. While the time of germination fresh weight and moisture content percentage were insignificant. The differences in mean values due to replications shows highly significance for plumb length, while germination percentage, diameter of epicotyls, radical length fresh and dry weight were significant and the number of roots, time of germination and moisture contents percentage were insignificants.

Peshawar Valley, the main drainage basin of Kabul River is widely known for its fertile land, intact wetland and diverse cultural and biological resources. This dissertation is an outcome of an effort to record species diversity of unicellular Green algae from the Valley. Sum of 10 genera with 70 species of Unicellular Green Algae, Chlorophyta were collected and identified from different localities of District Peshawar. The most frequent genus in term of species was Tetraedron with 24 species (34.28 %). Other frequent genera were Closterium 10 species (14.28 %), Cosmarium 9 species (12.85%), Characium 9 species (12.85%) and Chlamydomonas 5 species (7.14%). The genera Ankistrodesmus and Oocystis were represented by 4 species each (5.71%), Chlorella and Carteria 2 species each (2.85%) and Closteriopsis only a single species (1.42%).

The present study is an attempt to investigate the Plant Biodiversity of Batrasi Pass with special reference to its Conservation status .The studies were conducted in different seasons during the year during 2007 and 2008. The plants were collected from different habitats, which were later dried and preserved at Hazara University Herbarium for further investigation. A total of 145 species are represented in the area including2 species of bryophytes, 4 species of pteridiophytes,5 species of Gymnosperms, and 113 species of Angiosperms. Among the Gymnosperms 4 genera and 5 species are found whereas in Angiosperms 46 families (21 species of Monocot belonging to 3 families, and 113 species belong of Diocot belonging to 43 families) were collected from the area.