The Development of the EU as a Sea-Policy Actor explores the marine and maritime policies of the European Union (EU), including fisheries, maritime transport, marine environment and maritime safety policies. These policies have made the EU an important sea-policy actor internally and externally. The author places the EU's sea-related policies in a historical context and discusses the explanatory power of various political science theories, international relations and regional integration theories in particular. What emerges clearly is that no one theory can explain the observed developments, but that we need to combine theories to get a fuller understanding and explanation of what is also referred to as the Blue Europe. Entrepreneurship and small business management educators, researchers, scholars, university administrators and mentors and advisors to entrepreneurs will glean the latest insights, programming overviews, best practices and contemporary perspectives that have real applications in these fields.

Brexit is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The relationship between Great Britain and the European Union is a long and complicated one, the UK opted out of a membership in the EU (or then European Economic Community) back in 1950, set up a rival group known as the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1961, applied for EU membership in 1971 where it became an "awkward partner" for decades only to withdraw at midnight on 31 January 2020 at which time it became a fully sovereign country again Historical Dictionary of Brexit contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries terms, persons and events that shaped Brexit. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Brexit.

International trade policy, including the trade policies of the European Union (EU), has become controversial in recent years. This book illuminates the politicised process of the EU's contemporary trade negotiations. The book uses the notion of 'contentious market regulation' to examine contemporary EU Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs) with industrialised countries: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the USA (TTIP), the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada (CETA), the EU-South Korea Agreement (KOREU), and the EU's agreement with Japan (EU-Japan). It also analyses cross-cutting issues affecting trade policy, such as business dimensions, social mobilisation, parliamentary assertion, and investment. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.

The global financial crisis, which started in the United States in 2007, spread to Europe in 2009. It especially hit Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain, countries which have introduced the single currency, the euro. These eurozone countries no longer have monetary policy autonomy, so they do not have the option of devaluation to increase competitiveness. The crisis has shown that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) created in 1993, and which led to the single currency in 1999, is faulty. Its built-in asymmetry, with centralised monetary policy and decentralised fiscal policy, should be expected to create problems. Part of the response to the crisis so far has been incremental moves towards fiscal and banking union, which will mean a deepening of European integration at a time when many observers believed that a certain equilibrium had been reached after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. This book focuses on these developments as well as analysing other economic policies that affect the general economic welfare of the EU, including agriculture, trade and immigration policies. The book puts the eurozone crisis into the wider context of deepening and widening.

Tracing the evolution of federalist theory and the European Union (EU), an international line up of distinguished experts debate the pros and cons of treating the EU in a comparative context and ask whether a constitutional equilibrium has been reached in the EU. They examine policymaking or modes of governance in the areas of employment, health, environment, security and migration, comparing the EU's policies with policies of both international organisations like NATO, OECD and federal states such as Canada, Japan and South Africa.

The current European Union (EU) has existed since 1 November 1993. It emerged from the Treaty of Maastricht largely negotiated during 1991. But the history of European integration goes further back. The Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950 led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951, and in 1957 the two Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM), which started operating from 1 January 1958. For some years the EEC was often referred to as the Common Market. The Merger Treaty of 1965 (in force since 1967) created a single executive, the European Commission, and a single Council of Ministers. The three Communities from the beginning in 1958 shared the Parliamentary Assembly and European Court of Justice (ECJ). Although these Communities still had separate treaties, they were increasingly seen as the European Community (EC). This new edition of Historical Dictionary of the European Union has a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, member states, internal policies, external relations, basic theories, treaties, and law. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the European Union.

The global financial crisis, which started in the United States in 2007, spread to Europe in 2009. It especially hit Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain, countries which have introduced the single currency, the euro. These eurozone countries no longer have monetary policy autonomy, so they do not have the option of devaluation to increase competitiveness. The crisis has shown that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) created in 1993, and which led to the single currency in 1999, is faulty. Its built-in asymmetry, with centralised monetary policy and decentralised fiscal policy, should be expected to create problems. Part of the response to the crisis so far has been incremental moves towards fiscal and banking union, which will mean a deepening of European integration at a time when many observers believed that a certain equilibrium had been reached after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. This book focuses on these developments as well as analysing other economic policies that affect the general economic welfare of the EU, including agriculture, trade and immigration policies. The book puts the eurozone crisis into the wider context of deepening and widening.

Tracing the evolution of federalist theory and the European Union (EU), an international line up of distinguished experts debate the pros and cons of treating the EU in a comparative context and ask whether a constitutional equilibrium has been reached in the EU. They examine policymaking or modes of governance in the areas of employment, health, environment, security and migration, comparing the EU's policies with policies of both international organisations like NATO, OECD and federal states such as Canada, Japan and South Africa.

The Lisbon Treaty, which came into force in December 2009, aims to make the European Union both more efficient and legitimate. Two new important posts were created; an elected President of the European Council and a High Representative (HR) of the Union for Foreign and Security Policy who will also be a Vice-President of the Commission. Leading international scholars have been gathered together to examine the institutional choices and innovations of the Lisbon Treaty and discuss the likely effects of these changes. Will the changes meet the declared goals of a more efficient and democratic Union which will allow the EU to act internationally with greater coherence and efficiency? If institutions matter, how much do they matter? How significant is the Lisbon Treaty? What kind of leadership will be available in the post-Lisbon EU?

This encyclopedia offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource on the European integration process. Under the editorial directorship of Finn Laursen and associate editors Derek Beach, Roberto Dominguez, Sung-Hoon Park, Sophie Vanhoonacker, and Amy Verdun, the publication brings together peer-reviewed contributions by leading researchers on the European Union as a global actor. Topics include the basic treaties, institutions, and policies of the European Union and the previous European Communities, the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community. It also includes articles on the various conceptual frameworks and theories that have been developed by political scientists to guide research into the integration process and the policy- and decision-making processes with a focus on the roles of the different institutions, the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Court of Justice of the EU. Additionally, the publication includes articles on the member states as well as external relations and foreign policies of the EU. As a result, the Oxford Encyclopedia of European Union Politics is a vital resource for students, scholars, and policymakers.

This publication examines the Amsterdam Treaty negotiated by the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) 1996-97. It looks at the preferences of the main actors, the Member States, the Commission and the European Parliament, as well as the negotiation process that produced the Treaty. The book includes chapters on each of the main actors as well as the most important substantive issues: the changes in the Union's first pillar, mainly in respect to environment and employment policies, changes in the second pillar, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), the creation of a new Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) as well as the introduction of new provisions on 'closer co-operation' or flexibility. Concluding chapters seek to confront the Treaty reform process with leading integration theories.

By contrasting different theoretical perspectives on regional integration, this valuable text advances our understanding of this important phenomenon in international relations. The volume contains theoretical considerations with empirical studies of integration efforts in many parts of the world including Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. Structured in four sections: governmentalist perspectives; power perspectives; constructivist perspectives; and neofunctionalist and historical institutionalist perspectives, the book offers important insights to theorists, policy makers, students and other readers concerned about world developments. It will also provide support for courses covering international political economy, international relations and regional integration, both at undergraduate and graduate levels.