In October 1973 two crises - one economic, one political - intersected, with dramatic and long term consequences for international relations. On 6 October, Egypt and Syria launched an attack on Israel, and within a few days the major Arab oil producers announced their support by use of the 'oil weapon', including a boycott of supplies for countries friendly to Israel and a programme of production cuts. This was followed by the unilateral declaration of a steep increase in the price of oil by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The result was international panic and world recession. Crude oil prices soared by a massive fourfold in just three months. The West's vulnerability had been exposed: it was being held hostage to oil. Yet, despite efforts to address this dependence on oil imports in following years, the 1979 Iranian Revolution triggered a further upward surge in prices. Today, the importance of oil remains at the forefront of the West's foreign policy calculations in the Middle East. In this fascinating and timely new look at the oil crisis, Fiona Venn examines these issues and the more unexpected effects of the crisis. She asks just how much really changed in the economic balance of power. Most importantly she argues that OPEC was used as a scapegoat for the world recession, which had been already underway when the crisis detonated.

This textbook offers a chronological introduction to the New Deal which incorporates material on events and developments outside as well as within Washington DC and on popular reaction to the policies. Reference is made to President Roosevelt and his role but the main emphasis is upon policy formation and implementation and the context in which the New Deal evolved. Bearing in mind the requirements of students Fiona Venn draws comparisons between American and European responses to the depression and provides explanations of American institutions and traditions as appropriate. Key Features * A student-friendly, chronological introduction to the New Deal * The New Deal is a key aspect of twentieth-century American History and is covered on all undergraduate courses * A detailed chronology helps the student to locate the events in the wider context of American history * Places emphasis on long-term effects of the New Deal, locating it within international context as well as within US history

This book offers a chronological introduction to the New Deal, incorporating details of events and developments outside as well as within Washington, D.C., and examining American and foreign reaction to the policies. The main emphasis of the book is on policy formation and implementation and on the context in which the New Deal evolved. A detailed chronology of events is provided, and "The New Deal" ends with notes on further reading and an extensive index.