Updating Neanderthals: Understanding Behavioral Complexity in the Late Middle Paleolithic provides comprehensive knowledge on Neanderthals who lived throughout the European and Asian continents. The book synthesizes historical information about the study of Middle Paleolithic populations and presents current debates about their genetics, subsistence, technology, social and cognitive behaviors. It focuses on the last phase of Neanderthal settlements and presents the main patterns of modern humans across Europe. Written by international experts on the Middle Paleolithic who have conducted innovative studies in the last three decades, this book explores the implications of interactions between different human species, including Neanderthals, Denisovans and Sapiens. In addition, the book discusses the diversity and variability of human adaptations and behaviors in the changing climate and environment of the Late Pleistocene, and the relationship between these behaviors, demography and cognitive capabilities.

A detailed study of the exploitation of small bovine species based on faunal assemblages from eight sites in the east Pyrenees, the Languedoc region of France, southern Turkey and the Caucasus. Four main species are identified ( Ovis, Hermitragus, Capra and Rupicapri ) and analysed, with comparisons drawn between the sites in the study, and with a view to investigating the subsistence behaviour of people living in these areas during the Pleistocene. Consideration of the effects of changing environmental conditions on species levels and human behaviour is also acknowledged. French text.