In The Security Principle, French philosopher Frederic Gros takes a historical approach to the concept of "security", looking at its evolution from the Stoics to the social network. With lucidity and rigour, Gros's approach is fourfold, looking at security as a mental state, as developed by the Greeks; as an objective situation and absence of all danger, as prevailed in the Middle Ages; as guaranteed by the nation state and its trio of judiciary, police and military; and finally "biosecurity", control, regulation and protection in the flux of contemporary society. In this deeply thought-provoking account, Gros's exploration of security shines a light both on its past meanings as well as its present uses, exposing the contemporary abuses of security and the pervasiveness of it in everyday life in the Global North.

The world is out of joint, so much so that disobeying should be an urgent act for everyone. In this provocative essay, Frederic Gros explores the roots of political obedience, social conformity, economic subjection, respect for authorities, constitutional consensus. Examining the various styles of obedience provides tools to study, invent and induce new forms of civic disobedience and lyrical protest. Nothing can be taken for granted: neither supposed certainties nor social conventions, economic injustice or moral conviction. Thinking philosophically requires us to never accept truths and generalities that seem obvious-it restores a sense of political responsibility. At a time when the decisions of experts are presented as the result of icy statistics and anonymous calculations, disobeying becomes an assertion of humanity. To philosophise is to disobey. This book is a call for critical democracy and ethical resistance.

The world is out of joint, so much so that disobeying should be an urgent act for everyone. In this provocative essay, Frederic Gros explores the roots of political obedience, social conformity, economic subjection, respect for authorities, constitutional consensus. Examining the various styles of obedience provides tools to study, invent and induce new forms of civic disobedience and lyrical protest. Nothing can be taken for granted: neither supposed certainties nor social conventions, economic injustice or moral conviction. Thinking philosophically requires us to never accept truths and generalities that seem obvious-it restores a sense of political responsibility. At a time when the decisions of experts are presented as the result of icy statistics and anonymous calculations, disobeying becomes an assertion of humanity. To philosophise is to disobey. This book is a call for critical democracy and ethical resistance.

This book addresses the possibilities of analyzing the modern international through the thought of Michel Foucault. The broad range of authors brought together in this volume question four of the most self-evident characteristics of our contemporary world-'international', 'neoliberal', 'biopolitical' and 'global'- and thus fill significant gaps in both international and Foucault studies. The chapters discuss what a Foucauldian perspective does or does not offer for understanding international phenomena while also questioning many appropriations of Foucault's work. This transdisciplinary volume will serve as a reference for both scholars and students of international relations, international political sociology, international political economy, political theory/philosophy and critical theory more generally.

This book addresses the possibilities of analyzing the modern international through the thought of Michel Foucault. The broad range of authors brought together in this volume question four of the most self-evident characteristics of our contemporary world-'international', 'neoliberal', 'biopolitical' and 'global'- and thus fill significant gaps in both international and Foucault studies. The chapters discuss what a Foucauldian perspective does or does not offer for understanding international phenomena while also questioning many appropriations of Foucault's work. This transdisciplinary volume will serve as a reference for both scholars and students of international relations, international political sociology, international political economy, political theory/philosophy and critical theory more generally.

According to political philosopher Frederic Gros, traditional notions of war and peace are currently being replaced by ideas of intervention and security. But while we may be able to speak of an end to war, this does not imply an end to violence. On the contrary, Gros argues that what we are witnessing is a reconfiguration of our ideas of war, resulting in new forms of violence--terrorist attacks, armed groups jockeying for territory, the use of precision missiles, and the dangerous belief that conflict can be undertaken without casualties. In "States of Violence," Gros explains how war was once conducted to defend or increase the power of a city, an empire, or a state, but today conflict is directed at the very fragility of the individual and based upon a logic of unilateral destruction inflicted upon deprived civilian populations. While war was once rationalized as justified bloodshed, these new states of violence are instead centered on the spectacle of stark, publicized civilian suffering. By charting the history of the philosophy of conflict in Western discourse, Gros offers a stimulating and timely critique of contemporary notions of war and terror.

"The Hermeneutics of the Subject" is the third volume in the collection of Michel Foucault's lectures at the College de France, where faculty give public lectures on any topic of their choosing. Attended by thousands, Foucault's lectures were seminal events in the world of French letters, and his ideas expressed there remain benchmarks of contemporary critical inquiry. Foucault's wide-ranging lectures at this school, delivered throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, clearly influenced his groundbreaking books, especially "The History of Sexuality" and "Discipline and Punish," In the lectures comprising this volume, Foucault focuses on how the "self" and the "care of the self" were conceived during the period of antiquity, beginning with Socrates. The problems of the ethical formation of the self, Foucault argues, form the background for our own questions about subjectivity and remain at the center of contemporary moral thought. This series of lectures continues to throw new light on Foucault's final works, and shows the full depth of his engagement with ancient thought. Lucid and provocative, "The Hermeneutics of the Subject" reveals Foucault at the height of his powers.

In The Security Principle, French philosopher Frederic Gros takes a historical approach to the concept of "security", looking at its evolution from the Stoics to the social network. With lucidity and rigour, Gros's approach is fourfold, looking at security as a mental state, as developed by the Greeks; as an objective situation and absence of all danger, as prevailed in the Middle Ages; as guaranteed by the nation state and its trio of judiciary, police and military; and finally "biosecurity", control, regulation and protection in the flux of contemporary society. In this deeply thought-provoking account, Gros's exploration of security shines a light both on its past meanings as well as its present uses, exposing the contemporary abuses of security and the pervasiveness of it in everyday life in the Global North.

Das Hauptproblem vieler Projektentwickler liegt darin, dass sie aufgrund der teilweisen 'chronischen Unterkapitalisierung' nicht in der Lage sind, die von den Banken geforderten Eigenkapitalmittel zur Realisierung der Projektentwicklung zu erbringen. Zur Schliessung dieser Finanzierungslucke mussen die Banken und die Projektentwickler in Zukunft neue innovative Wege bei der Art und Struktur der Finanzierung gehen. In diesem Zusammenhang haben insbesondere angelsachsisch gepragte, Eigenkapital ersetzende Finanzierungsformen sehr stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Projektentwicklungsfonds gehoren zu diesen neuen Finanzierungsinstrumenten und werden derzeit sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Marktfahigkeit als auch aufgrund ihres Konzeptes kritisch diskutiert. Das Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, zunachst die Struktur von Projektentwicklungsfonds zu analysieren und danach zum einen die Chancen von Projektentwicklungsfonds und zum anderen aber auch die Risiken, derer sich die verschiedenen Parteien bewusst sein mussen, kritisch zu beleuchten. Bei der Analyse sollen insbesondere die unterschiedlichen Vor- und Nachteile aus Sicht der Projektentwickler, der Fondsinitiatoren und der Investoren aufgezeigt werden

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1,5, European Business School - Internationale Universitat Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (Lehrstuhl fur Immobilienokonomie), 117 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Immobilienbranche sowie der Bankensektor befinden sich seit einigen Jahren in einer tief greifenden Umbruchsphase. Basel II sowie das gestiegene Risikobewusstsein der Banken haben die Finanzierung mehr denn je zum Dreh- und Angelpunkt in der Immobilienwirtschaft gemacht. Die Zeiten, in denen Projektentwicklungen noch problemlos mit bis zu 100 Prozent Fremdkapital finanziert werden konnten, sind ein fur alle Mal vorbei. Das Hauptproblem vieler Projektentwickler liegt darin, dass sie aufgrund der teilweisen chronischen Unterkapitalisierung" nicht in der Lage sind, die von den Banken geforderten Eigenkapitalmittel zur Realisierung der Projektentwicklung zu erbringen. Mit Hilfe von Projektentwicklungsfonds, die u.a. in den USA bereits seit einigen Jahren sehr erfolgreich Anwendung finden, kann diese Finanzierungslucke geschlossen wer-den. Sie befahigen zum einen den Projektentwickler, eine Projektentwicklung zu realisieren, die er unter Umstanden ohne fremde Unterstutzung nicht durchfuhren konnte. Zum anderen ermoglichen sie es der Bank, nicht nur am Risiko zu partizipieren, sondern auch vom Erfolg der Projektentwicklung zu profitieren. Aus Sicht der Investoren bieten sie die Chance, sich am ertragsstarksten Teil der Wertschopfungskette einer Immobilie zu beteiligen. Jedoch sind mit Projektentwicklungsfonds auch erhebliche Risiken verbunden. Demzufolge werden sie derzeit in Deutschland sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Marktfahigkeit als auch aufgrund ihres Konzeptes kritisch diskutiert. Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, zunachst die Struktur von Projektentwicklungsfonds zu analysieren und danach zum einen die Chancen von Projektentwicklungsfonds und zum anderen aber auch die Risike

"The working hypothesis is this: it is true that sexuality as experience is obviously not independent of codes and systems of prohibitions, but it needs to be recalled straightaway that these codes are astonishingly stable, continuous, and slow to change. It needs to be recalled also that the way in which they are observed or transgressed also seems to be very stable and very repetitive. On the other hand, the point of historical mobility, what no doubt change most often, what are most fragile, are modalities of experience." - Michel Foucault In 1981 Foucault delivered a course of lectures which marked a decisive reorientation in his thought and of the project of a History of Sexuality outlined in 1976. It was in these lectures that arts of living became the focal point around which he developed a new way of thinking about subjectivity. It was also the moment when Foucault problematized a conception of ethics understood as the patient elaboration of a relationship of self to self. It was the study of the sexual experience of the Ancients that made these new conceptual developments possible. Within this framework, Foucault examined medical writings, tracts on marriage, the philosophy of love, or the prognostic value of erotic dreams, for evidence of a structuration of the subject in his relationship to pleasures (aphrodisia) which is prior to the modern construction of a science of sexuality as well as to the Christian fearful obsession with the flesh. What was actually at stake was establishing that the imposition of a scrupulous and interminable hermeneutics of desire was the invention of Christianity. But to do this it was necessary to establish the irreducible specificity of ancient techniques of self. In these lectures, which clearly foreshadow The Use of Pleasures and The Care of Self, Foucault examines the Greek subordination of gender differences to the primacy of an opposition between active and passive, as well as the development by Imperial stoicism of a model of the conjugal bond which advocates unwavering fidelity and shared feelings and which leads to the disqualification of homosexuality.