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This book on NeuroAIDS, a collection of chapters written by experts
and specialists from around the world, provides a global
perspective on HIV and NeuroAIDS in the field, clinic, and
laboratory. The chapters address the comorbidity of HIV and other
infectious agents, including Zika virus, Ebola, Chagas disease, TB
and HCV. Also discussed are key topics, such as: * Molecular
socioepidemiology * Global HIV and NeuroAIDS * Neuropathology *
cART and blood-brain barrier penetration * HIV replicative
oscillations * HIV and SIV evolution * Psychiatric comorbidities *
Neurosyphilis * The examination of current and innovative models of
translational research to translational effectiveness
Osteoimmunology pertains to the study of the relationship between
the bones, particularly the bone marrow, and the immune system.
This monograph pursues the best available evidence, by means of
research synthesis, for the characterization of the physiological
relevance and pathological implications of the inter-connectedness
between the skeletal and the immune system. Research will be
discussed that highlights the associated role of the circulatory,
nervous and endocrine systems, as well as proteomic and genomic
pathways and signatures. Emphasis is given that domain of medicine
that relates to the oral cavity, its diseases and their systemic
sequelae. This monograph arises from observations that have
suggested that the skeletal system and the immune system are
intimately intertwined. Chronic inflammatory reactions subsequent
to an excessive immune reaction can damage the bones, as in
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, patients seropositive for
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and with signs and
symptoms of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and
bone cancer. Bones - in particular the bone marrow - are one of the
primary locations in which cells of the immune system mature. In
brief, this monograph begins to answer a range of questions, such
as, what is osteoimmunology all about?, does the immune system and
its components affect bone development?, how do stress hormones
impact upon the pathophysiology of bone-immune interactions?, can
the scientific process of research synthesis, obtain the best
available evidence for treatment of diseases involving the
bone-immune entity (i.e., osteo immunopathologies) means of
evidence-based clinical decision-making directed at the treatment
of osteoimmune pathologies?
This book investigates the ways in which the evidence base is
influencing complementary and alternative medicine in general and
Ayurveda and allied health practices in particular. The latter have
traditionally been prevalent in Asia and are now increasingly
attracting interest worldwide. The book is divided into four
sections, the first of which examines issues related to acquisition
and evaluation of the evidence base. Evidence-based approaches to
Ayurvedic diagnosis and therapy are then examined, with a special
focus on management of cardiovascular and rheumatological diseases,
dental care, and rejuvenating treatments. The final section
explores further the challenges of applying evidence-based practice
in contemporary and alternative medicine and Ayurveda with a focus
upon the issues requiring urgent attention in ongoing decade. The
same involves encompassing areas such as Ayurvedic pharmaceutics,
practice, education and research within an evidence-based
perspective.
Osteoimmunology pertains to the study of the relationship between
the bones, particularly the bone marrow, and the immune system.
This monograph pursues the best available evidence, by means of
research synthesis, for the characterization of the physiological
relevance and pathological implications of the inter-connectedness
between the skeletal and the immune system. Research will be
discussed that highlights the associated role of the circulatory,
nervous and endocrine systems, as well as proteomic and genomic
pathways and signatures. Emphasis is given that domain of medicine
that relates to the oral cavity, its diseases and their systemic
sequelae. This monograph arises from observations that have
suggested that the skeletal system and the immune system are
intimately intertwined. Chronic inflammatory reactions subsequent
to an excessive immune reaction can damage the bones, as in
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, patients seropositive for
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and with signs and
symptoms of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and
bone cancer. Bones - in particular the bone marrow - are one of the
primary locations in which cells of the immune system mature. In
brief, this monograph begins to answer a range of questions, such
as, what is osteoimmunology all about?, does the immune system and
its components affect bone development?, how do stress hormones
impact upon the pathophysiology of bone-immune interactions?, can
the scientific process of research synthesis, obtain the best
available evidence for treatment of diseases involving the
bone-immune entity (i.e., osteo immunopathologies) means of
evidence-based clinical decision-making directed at the treatment
of osteoimmune pathologies?
Global Virology, Volume III: Virology in the 21st Century examines
work that has been undertaken, or is planned, in several fields of
virology, in an effort to promote current and future work,
research, and health. Fields and methods addressed include
virology, immunology, space research, astrovirology/astrobiology,
plasmids, swarm intelligence, bioinformatics, data-mining, machine
learning, neural networks, critical equations, and advances in
biohazard biocontainment. Novel and forward-looking methods,
techniques, and approaches in research and development are
presented by experts in the field.
This book on NeuroAIDS, a collection of chapters written by experts
and specialists from around the world, provides a global
perspective on HIV and NeuroAIDS in the field, clinic, and
laboratory. The chapters address the comorbidity of HIV and other
infectious agents, including Zika virus, Ebola, Chagas disease, TB
and HCV. Also discussed are key topics, such as: * Molecular
socioepidemiology * Global HIV and NeuroAIDS * Neuropathology *
cART and blood-brain barrier penetration * HIV replicative
oscillations * HIV and SIV evolution * Psychiatric comorbidities *
Neurosyphilis * The examination of current and innovative models of
translational research to translational effectiveness
There is an ever-increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine
that is distinguished by systematic crafting of the
patient-centered research question, detailed literature searches,
and careful appraisal of the resulting evidence. The consensus that
ultimately emerges must then be applied in specific clinical
settings, and it is to this process that translational
effectiveness analysis refers. This portable and easy-to-use
handbook is intended as a practical teaching guide on translational
effectiveness for students and clinicians. Specifically, it will
serve as a primer on patient-centered outcomes research methodology
in the health sciences and explain how to acquire and understand
the fundamental data that determine which reports are valued as the
"best available" evidence. It presents an accessible and readily
intelligible set of principles which doctors, dentists, nurses, and
insurance carriers will be able to use in the process of health
care-related decision-making.
Recent trends in health care across the United States and
internationally have emphasized a novel approach that consists in
comparing the effectiveness and efficacy of treatment interventions
with a patient-centered emphasis (i.e., evidence-based health
care), while ensuring cost constraints, maximizing benefits, and
minimizing risks. In this book, experts in comparative
effectiveness and efficacy research and analysis for practice
(CEERAP) in health care in general address a range of topical
issues. The emphasis is on implications for endodontics and
nursing, both of which are considered in a series of detailed
chapters. Commonalities and differences among CEERAP, utility-based
and logic-based analysis and decision-making, and evidence-based
and patient-centered practice are defined and discussed. The book
concludes by examining applications for CEERAP in developing
patient-centered optimal treatment interventions for the next
decade.
This book investigates the ways in which the evidence base is
influencing complementary and alternative medicine in general and
Ayurveda and allied health practices in particular. The latter have
traditionally been prevalent in Asia and are now increasingly
attracting interest worldwide. The book is divided into four
sections, the first of which examines issues related to acquisition
and evaluation of the evidence base. Evidence-based approaches to
Ayurvedic diagnosis and therapy are then examined, with a special
focus on management of cardiovascular and rheumatological diseases,
dental care, and rejuvenating treatments. The final section
explores further the challenges of applying evidence-based practice
in contemporary and alternative medicine and Ayurveda with a focus
upon the issues requiring urgent attention in ongoing decade. The
same involves encompassing areas such as Ayurvedic pharmaceutics,
practice, education and research within an evidence-based
perspective.
There is an ever-increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine
that is distinguished by systematic crafting of the
patient-centered research question, detailed literature searches,
and careful appraisal of the resulting evidence. The consensus that
ultimately emerges must then be applied in specific clinical
settings, and it is to this process that translational
effectiveness analysis refers. This portable and easy-to-use
handbook is intended as a practical teaching guide on translational
effectiveness for students and clinicians. Specifically, it will
serve as a primer on patient-centered outcomes research methodology
in the health sciences and explain how to acquire and understand
the fundamental data that determine which reports are valued as the
"best available" evidence. It presents an accessible and readily
intelligible set of principles which doctors, dentists, nurses, and
insurance carriers will be able to use in the process of health
care-related decision-making.
The future of healthcare lies in the continued progress and
acceleration of adopting translational science. The two principal
constructs, translational research and translational effectiveness,
collectively strive towards patient-centered, effectiveness-focused
and evidence-based care. Translational research is the application
of scientific methods into healthcare decision-making and practice.
Through these applications and methods used on the patient,
translational research obtains new information that directly
benefits that patient in return. This bench-to-bedside approach is
specifically designed to improve health outcomes and standards of
practice in healthcare to better serve the patients. It is through
the utilization, dissemination, and implementation of the best
evidence-based practices that will help in the understanding of
intervention effectiveness. The chapters in this book highlight the
transfer of basic science discovered and cutting-edge developments
into clinical applications. Emphasis on continuing research,
increasing transparency and accelerating the adoption of
translational science into clinical practice is needed to provide
the best possible care. The chapters focus on the future direction
of all fields of healthcare which lies on the bench-to-bedside
approach from medicine to dentistry to nursing. Translational
research is at the forefront of efforts to improve patient care and
is the engine of change for bringing new decision-making, practice,
and technology into the field of healthcare in this new age.
Broadly defined psychobiology is a wide field of scientific
endeavor, which bridges the artificial divide imposed by the
Cartesian philosophy of things of the mind and things of the body.
Starting in the early decades of the 20th century, mind-body
research developed new avenues of understanding in Western science.
It became increasingly clear that processes attributed to the
psyche, including emotions, cognitions, memories, and
personalities, had important effects upon physiological events,
could disrupt homeostasis, determined and controlled allostasis,
and arose, in fact, from biological phenomena driven by cell
biology, biochemistry, genomics and, in a larger sense,
interactomics. In brief, psychobiology reunited, at last, the
sciences of psychology and physiology. Current advanced research in
psychobiology proffers a new perspective on human and animal
behavior, with cognitions, emotions, and traits describing the
interaction between biological systems and behavior. Today, novel
frontiers in psychobiology research encompass how cognition (what
we are thinking) and mood (how we are feeling) combine with,
determine and are engendered by biological events. The superb
chapters that compose this book are written by the premier
internationally and most renowned psychobiologists in the world at
this time. They examine several of the most important domains of
psychobiology research today: from a novel conceptualization of
stress in the context of the person-environment fit model, to the
modulation of immune surveillance by perceived stress, the
alterations of cognition by pharmaceutical use and over-use, as
well as from athletic training or ionization poisoning to,
ultimately, the brain-gut interaction. The role of functional MRS
in the study of advanced research questions in psychobiology is
also discussed in depth. Taken together, this collection of
chapters make this book on advanced psychobiology both timely and
critical. Expectations are that future research development in
psychobiology, as the field continues to advance, will continue to
strive to understand how psychological and biological connections
shape the human experience. Psychobiology will increasingly provide
a uniquely new perspective in psychology on the one hand, and on
the other hand, in biology along several of the dimensions
proffered in this book.
Briefly stated, comparative effectiveness research pertains to the
direct, succinct and precise comparison of existing healthcare
interventions to determine what works best for each individual
patient, and which treatment course poses the greatest benefits,
costs and harms. The core question of comparative effectiveness
research goes beyond establishing what treatment works best, for
whom, and under what circumstances: it is a hypothesis-driven
endeavor designed to uncover and implement the consensus of the
best evidence base for patient-centered, effectiveness-focused and
evidence-based health care. Members at the Institute of Medicine
and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research concur that comparative
effectiveness research involves the generation and synthesis of the
best available evidence for a treatment intervention by means of a
process driven by the PICOTS question/hypothesis, and are directed
at comparing and contrasting the benefits, costs and harms of
alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a
clinical conditions with the specified intent of improving the
delivery of health care. The purpose of comparative effectiveness
research is to assist healthcare providers, patients, allied
clinicians, caregivers and other stakeholders to engage together
and make informed decisions that will improve healthcare at both
the individual and population levels, and in so doing utilize the
identified best evidence base in specific clinical settings, a
process that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality defines
as "Translational Effectiveness". In brief, comparative
effectiveness research is the tool and the process necessary for
translational effectiveness. In this light, it is critical and
timely to facilitate comparative effectiveness research as one of
the essential and primary components of patient-centered,
effectiveness-focused and evidence-based clinical decision-making
in healthcare, as the premier process that results in improved
patient outcomes, enhanced research planning, better products, and
novel evidence-based policy development. This book is a compilation
of the writings of several experts in the field and their
collaborators. Each chapter examines specific facets of the process
of comparative effectiveness research-based clinical
decision-making in the principal domains of healthcare, which are
subsumed in this work as dentistry, Western and alternative
medicine, nursing, and pharmacology. Taken together, the chapters
in this book present a brief, yet comprehensive overview and
discussion of the current state of comparative effectiveness in
healthcare. They establish the central role of systematic reviews
in the process of clinical decision-making in evidence-based health
care, and examine in depth the statistical significance and the
clinical relevance of actualising and evaluating clinical
decision-making. Additionally, policies in optimizing
evidence-based, patient-centered and effectiveness-focused clinical
outcomes, stakeholders engagement for raising health literacy in
the U.S. and worldwide in this decade of the twenty-first century
and beyond are discussed.
Ever since the terminology, concepts and tools of Evidence-Based
(EB) were introduced, doctors have been trying to apply them to
improve the care they provide to patients. Anyone who has heard the
term 'EB' knows that on the surface, it sounds like a logical good
idea. But grasping the essence and technicalities of many of EB's
attributes is not that easy for the vast majority of clinical
practitioners for whom a lot of the ideas of EB are directed. Dr
Chiappelli's first hand experience teaching EB to dental students,
residents and practitioners clearly pointed out to him the need for
a central source of information, explanations and tutorials. The
feedback from the 'stakeholders' of EB inspired this gifted teacher
to put together the Manual of Evidence-Based Research for the
Health Sciences as a complete resource. This comprehensive manual
will be an essential text for students, scientists, clinicians,
policy makers and industry product developers enabling them to have
access to all of the parts and complexities associated with
evaluating and applying information using the tools and concepts
that have become associated with EB.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Trattato D'igiene Privata Francesco Chiappelli Stabilimento
Tipografico di T. Cottrau, 1858
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