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This volume contains the lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study
Institute on "Biophysics of Photoreceptors and Photomovements in
Microorganisms" held in Tir renia (Pisa), Italy, in September 1990.
The Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the Scientific
Affairs Division of NATO; the Physical Science Committee and the
Institute of Biophysics of National Research Council of Italy also
supported the School and substantially contributed to its success.
It is our pleasant duty to thank these institu tions. Scientists
from very different backgrounds contributed to the understanding of
this fast developing field of research, which has seen considerable
progress during the last years. The areas of expertise ranged from
behavioral sciences, supported by sophi sticated techniques such as
image analysis or laser light scattering, to spectroscopy, ap
plied, in different time domains, to the study of the primary
photoreactions, to electro physiology, biochemistry or molecular
biology, with the aim of analyzing the various steps of the
transduction chains and how they control the motor apparatus of the
cells. The organisms studied covered a wide range, from bacteria to
algae, fungi and other eukaryotes. Thus, the ASI represented a
successful opportunity for carrying on and imple menting an
interdisciplinary approach to the study of the biophysical basis of
photore ception and photosensory transduction in aneural organisms,
with special attention to the basic phenomena and the underlying
molecular events. We hope that this book has caught the spirit in
which the ASI was conceived."
A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Light as Energy Source and
Information Carrier in Plant Photo physiology" was held at
Volterra, Italy, from September 26 to October 6, 1994, in order to
consider the fundamental role that light plays in plant growth and
development. This book summarises the main lectures given at this
meeting which concentrated on both photochemical energy conversion
and signalling (photosensing) aspects. Light harvesting and
conversion into chemical energy in photosynthesis occurs at the
level of chlorophyll/carotenoid containing photosystems in plants.
Pigments are non covalently bound to a variety of polypeptides
which serve as a specific scaffolding, necessary to determine the
energy coupling between pigments and thus allowing rapid excitation
energy trasfer from the antenna to the special reaction centre
chlorophylls. Data from transient, time resolved spectroscopies, in
the femtosecond and picosecond domain, together with model
calculations, suggest that this process occurs in the 20-100
picosecond time span. The special ll u ture of reaction centre
complexes, ensures rapid primary charge separation, probably in the
order of 1-3 picoseconds, with subsequent charge stabilisation
reactions proceeding in the hundreds of picoseconds range. The
recently resolved crystallographic structure of LHCII, the
principal antenna complex of plants, allows precise determination
of pigment-pigment distances and thus permits calculation of
approximate chlorophyll-chlorophyll Forster hopping rates, which
are in good agreement with time resolved measurements."
This volume originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute
Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health
and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy in June 2001. The
Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the NATO Scientific
Affairs Division, whose constant contribution in favour of the
cooperation among scientists from different countries must be
acknowledged. Other Institutions substantially contributed to the
success of the ASI and our thanks and appreciation go to the
Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche), the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana),
the European Society for Photobiology and the bank Banca Toscana.
In the last two decades of the past century, concern has been
growing for the possible effects on the biosphere of the
stratospheric ozone depletion, due to anthropogenic emissions of
ozone-destroying chemicals. The ozone loss causes an increase in
the biologically important part of the solar ultraviolet radiation
(UV) reaching the Earth's surface, which constitutes a threat to
the biosphere, because of UV damaging effects on humans, animals
and plants. The international agreements have reduced the
production of ozo- destroying compounds, which, however, are still
present in high concentrations in the stratosphere, mainly because
of their longevity, and thus ozone depletion will likely continue
for several decades.
This volume originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute
Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health
and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy in June 2001. The
Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the NATO Scientific
Affairs Division, whose constant contribution in favour of the
cooperation among scientists from different countries must be
acknowledged. Other Institutions substantially contributed to the
success of the ASI and our thanks and appreciation go to the
Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche), the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana),
the European Society for Photobiology and the bank Banca Toscana.
In the last two decades of the past century, concern has been
growing for the possible effects on the biosphere of the
stratospheric ozone depletion, due to anthropogenic emissions of
ozone-destroying chemicals. The ozone loss causes an increase in
the biologically important part of the solar ultraviolet radiation
(UV) reaching the Earth's surface, which constitutes a threat to
the biosphere, because of UV damaging effects on humans, animals
and plants. The international agreements have reduced the
production of ozo- destroying compounds, which, however, are still
present in high concentrations in the stratosphere, mainly because
of their longevity, and thus ozone depletion will likely continue
for several decades.
The only combined organic photochemistry and photobiology handbook
As spectroscopic, synthetic and biological tools become more and
more sophisticated, photochemistry and photobiology are
merging-making interdisciplinary research essential. Following in
the footsteps of its bestselling predecessors, the CRC Handbook of
Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Third Edition has evolved
into a state-of-the-art collection on modern aspects of
photochemistry and photobiology. A compilation 67 of topical
reviews by leading experts, this compilation provides cutting-edge
information on the applications of photochemical and
photobiological principles, techniques, and methodologies. New and
updated topics in this edition include Industrial photochemistry
Photocatalyic water splitting Photocatalysis Photostability of
drugs Photochemistry in microreactors Photochemical key-steps in
organic synthesis Photochirogenesis Photolabile protecting groups
Solar photochemistry Computational photochemistry and photobiology
Spin-center shift reactions Sustainable photochemistry Artificial
photosynthetic systems Biology of UV-A radiation UV radiation and
vitamin D Photodynamic drug delivery Photoimmunology
Photodermatology Endogenous antioxidant photoprotection and its
enhancement in human skin Phototoxicity of drugs Photodynamic
approaches to water disinfection This high-quality and concise
collection bridges traditional topics, current trends, and future
directions to provide you with the most authoritative and complete
resource available on the subject. The IUPAC glossary of
photochemistry is included as a CD-ROM.
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