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Vestibular schwannoma is a rare benign tumor arising from VIII
cranial nerve. Its localisation into internal auditory canal and
cerebello-pontine angle is the main reason for the relevant
clinical implication of such disease. This book develops all the
features regarding the vestibular schwannoma, starting from the
biology of the tumor, passing to the clinical presentation and
instrumental diagnostic pathway to make diagnosis and concluding
with therapeutic options linked to several factors regarding tumor
size, localisation, symptoms, patient characteristics and outcome.
The chapters are divided into 3 sections: pathophysiology, clinical
features and treatment. Advancements in microsurgical technique and
radiosurgery, coupled with an increased understanding of the
natural history of the disease, have made modern management of this
tumor considerably more complex and the opinions are still divided
between conservatism and definitive cure. The last section includes
the rehabilitation after treatment of patients affected by
vestibular schwannoma. The contributions to this book were done by
several eminent expert authors in their field, and all references
are up to date. This is a robust resource for residents, fellows,
and early attending physicians, as well as mid- to later-career
physicians who care for patients with vestibular schwannoma.
Hearing loss is one the commonest disabling diseases affecting
populations of all ages worldwide. The impairment of hearing may be
the cause of impaired language development in children, the cause
of scholarly issues in adolescents, the cause of worsening of
quality of life in the adults, and the cause of isolation of aged
people. In this book, the authors present the hearing loss in all
its facets, starting from the basis of pathophysiology and anatomy,
passing through the clinical and instrumental diagnosis and,
finally, describing the most important diseases causing hearing
loss with reasonable treatment options. A section was dedicated to
the imaging of the ear with about 100 original figures. The readers
will find a complete classification of genetic hearing loss and all
information related to congenital deafness as well. A wide section
was reserved to the description and discussion of the most
important pathology leading to hearing loss (Meniere's disease,
otosclerosis, trauma and occupational hearing impairment, etc.).
The treatment of hearing loss is continuously evolving with the
progress of technology, and the authors gave a wide space to
describe all treatment options available for the patients,
providing all information useful to manage hearing disease
correctly.
Vertigo and dizziness are two conditions whose prevalence
throughout an individual's lifespan is estimated to range from 20%
to 50% with a marked incidence regarding women. Starting from the
frequency of these symptoms, the book explores different aspects of
the otoneurology field and the vestibular diseases, from the
anatomy of vestibular organs to the pharmacological, surgical and
rehabilitative treatment of posterior labyrinth disorders. In
particular, the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB),
Meniere's disease and dizziness in patients suffering from
temporomandibular joint disorders and vertebral fractures are
described. A focus on specific techniques to evaluate vestibular
disorders is included and the video head impulse test (vHIT) and
vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) application are shown
to study each part of the posterior part of the inner ear. A
specific chapter is dedicated to the management of postural
disorders in vestibular dysfunctions, from the postural evaluation
to the many different protocols of vestibular rehabilitation. The
principles of pharmacotherapy are described; medications to treat
dizziness and vertigo can include anticholinergics, antihistamines,
benzodiazepines and other drugs including antiemetics,
sympathomimetic and calcium antagonists. Finally, the principles
underlying the surgical strategies in the management of the
vertiginous patients, furthermore a general description of the
technical aspects of each procedure are provided to show
indications, potentials, limits, and contraindications of
vestibular surgery.
From World Health Organization data, the prevalence of hearing
impairment among infants varies between 0.5 and 3.0 cases per
thousand, but in children hospitalised in the Newborn Intensive
Care Unit (NICU) and in those with other risk factors (ie:
anatomically small for gestational age, craniofacial abnormalities,
intrauterine infections, family history of hearing loss, ototoxic
drugs, mechanical ventilation , etc.), the prevalence is 10-20
times greater. Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be defined as
an intensive care unit for sick newborns who need specialised
treatment. NICU combines equipment and advanced technology with
medical staff specially trained in newborn care. The Joint
Committee on Infants Hearing (JCIH) identified many risk factors in
NICU infants like prolonged mechanical ventilation, asphyxia, low
birth weight and ototoxic medication, and so it also considers
intensive care as a whole a risk factor. The present book focuses
its attention on this hearing loss risk factor, starting from risk
factors and screening strategies, highlighting the various neonatal
levels of care, focusing on the treatment of infants with neural
tube defects and the future motor development of premature babies.
This should be done until caregivers can get the attention of drug
therapies used in the NICU.
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