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The chance discovery in 1854 of a prehistoric lake village on Lake
Zurich triggered what we now call the 'lake-dwelling phenomenon'.
One hundred and fifty years of research and animated academic
disputes have transformed the phenomenon into one of the most
reliable sources of information in wetland archaeology.
This definitive volume provides an overview of the development of
lake village studies, explores the impact of a range of scientific
techniques on the settlements and considers how the public can
relate to this evocative and exciting branch of archaeology. It
explains how the multidisciplinary research context has
significantly improved our knowledge of prehistoric wetland
communities, from an environmental as well as a cultural
perspective.
The chance discovery in 1854 of a prehistoric lake village on Lake
Zurich triggered what we now call the 'lake-dwelling phenomenon'.
One hundred and fifty years of research and animated academic
disputes have transformed the phenomenon into one of the most
reliable sources of information in wetland archaeology.
This definitive volume provides an overview of the development of
lake village studies, explores the impact of a range of scientific
techniques on the settlements and considers how the public can
relate to this evocative and exciting branch of archaeology. It
explains how the multidisciplinary research context has
significantly improved our knowledge of prehistoric wetland
communities, from an environmental as well as a cultural
perspective.
After more than 3500 years of occupation in the Neolithic and
Bronze Age, the many lake-dwellings' around the Circum-Alpine
region 'suddenly' came to an end. Throughout that period
alternating phases of occupation and abandonment illustrate how
resilient lacustrine populations were against change:
cultural/environmental factors might have forced them to relocate
temporarily, but they always returned to the lakes. So why were the
lake-dwellings finally abandoned and what exactly happened towards
the end of the Late Bronze Age that made the lake-dwellers change
their way of life so drastically? The new research presented here
draws upon the results of a four-year-long project dedicated to
shedding light on this intriguing conundrum. Placing a particular
emphasis upon the Bronze Age, a multidisciplinary team of
researchers has studied the lake-dwelling phenomenon inside out,
leaving no stones unturned, enabling identification of all possible
interactive socio-economic and environmental factors that can be
subsequently tested against each other to prove (or disprove) their
validity. By re-fitting the various pieces of the jigsaw a
plausible, but also rather unexpected, picture emerges.
This study focuses on the alternating phases of occupation and
abandonment of lake-dwellings within the Alpine region, in
particular on Lake Constance and Lake Zurich. Menotti explores a
number of questions and phenomena, asking what forces led to
abandonment of lacustrine areas, particularly evident in the Middle
Bronze Age, and where the people went. Combining environmental and
cultural evidence, he analyses lake-level fluctuations through GIS
models and their impact on settlements and their inhabitants.
This book examines Inka stone masonry, a major hallmark of their
culture, tracing the process from extraction through dressing
techniques to stone-block transport and use. The Inkas' five most
exploited quarries within the Cuzco region are examined with
particular emphasis on the Llama Pit of Rumiqolqa Quarry. The main
styles of wall construction are categorised and their application
to different kinds of Inka buildings are examined. The implications
of apparently earthquake-proof walls are explored. In a new
publishing-departure for BAR, a CD with 100 colour photos is
included in this book.
The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology is the most
comprehensive survey of global wetland archaeology ever published.
Well known for the spectacular quality of its surviving evidence,
from both an archaeological and environmental perspective, wetland
archaeology enables scholars to investigate and reconstruct past
people's dwellings, landscapes, material culture, and daily lives
in great detail. Through concise essays written by some of the
world's leading scholars in the field, this Handbook describes the
key principles, methodologies, and revealing results of past and
present archaeological investigations of wetland environments. The
volume provides unique insights into past human interactions with
lakes, bogs, rivers, and coastal marshlands across the world from
prehistory to modern times. Opening with a detailed introduction by
the editors, the Handbook is divided into seven parts and contains
54 essays and over 230 photographs, figures, maps, and graphs.
Despite being one of the most successful branches of mainstream
archaeology, wetland archaeology, as an academic discipline, is
still relatively unknown. We might have all heard of the
wonderfully preserved organic artefacts and ecofacts found in
waterlogged conditions, but do we really know how they were
preserved, found, retrieved, and conserved for us to admire and
study? Wetland Archaeology and Beyond takes the reader through the
fascinating biography of wetland archaeology, from the dawn of the
discipline to its remarkable achievements. Through a discussion of
a large variety of worldwide wetland archaeological sites and their
material culture, Menotti offers an appreciative study of the
people who occupied these sites and who created the archaeological
artefacts. The volume also includes a comprehensive explanation of
the procedures and research processes involved in archaeological
practice and theory. Focusing on the relationship between
archaeological experts and the general public, Menotti highlights
the importance of this relationship for the future of the
discipline as wetland ecosystems continue to disappear at an
inexorable rate - and with them our invaluable cultural heritage.
The crucial role that the Ukrainian 'branch' of the Tripolye
culture played in shaping the historical formation of the Ukraine,
and indeed that of Europe, is still not fully understood or
appreciated. Although we are mostly aware of its finely-crafted and
decorated pottery, along with the highly-discussed house
architecture and huge settlements (known as 'giant-settlements'),
we often fail to connect the various dots in order to understand
the different aspects of its development, from the very first
eastward migrations, to the scission into two separate local groups
(eastern and western Tripolye culture), the formation of the
so-called giant-settlements, and finally to its inexorable decline
after more than 2000 years of prosperous existence. This book
attempts to bring together in English a variety of research
traditions of Eastern and Western Europe, traditionally published
in various languages and not readily accessible to all scholars, in
the examination of the Ukrainian archaeological record. The volume
has been organised so as to give the reader a clear image of the
Tripolye culture in the Ukraine, with a special emphasis placed
upon the development of the so-called 'giant-settlements'. Chapters
discuss the geographical and chronological context, highlighting
the different facets of the culture that resulted in the formation
of the giant-settlements; relative and absolute chronology of the
many sub-groups identified; migration; aspects of material culture
(pottery and clay figurines, flint artefacts); architecture
(settlement layout, house typology and standardised internal
structures); experimental work on the construction and destruction
of houses and controversial use of fire; and the ultimate
disappearance of this accomplished and very long-lived cultural
group.
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