|
Showing 1 - 10 of
10 matches in All Departments
The term 'Middle-Income Trap' refers to countries which stagnate
economically after reaching a certain level of per capita income on
the basis of labour- and capital-intensive growth, and are
struggling to transition towards more skill-intensive and
technology-driven development. It has resonance for the increasing
number of countries in Asia who have either languished in
middle-income status for extended periods of time, or are worried
about growth slow-downs. This book sets outs the conceptual
underpinnings of the Middle-Income Trap and explores the various
ways it can be defined. It also focuses on the debate surrounding
the Middle-Income Trap which questions the appropriate
institutional and policy settings for middle-income countries to
enable them to continue past the easy phase of economic growth. The
book engages with this debate by investigating the role of
institutions, human capital, and trade policy in helping countries
increase their income levels and by highlighting factors which
enable the shift to higher and qualitatively better growth. It
questions how the large emerging economies in Asia such as China,
Indonesia, and India are currently grappling with the challenges of
transitioning from labour-intensive to technology- and
knowledge-intensive production, and discusses what can be learnt
from the countries that have been able to escape the trap to attain
high-income status. Providing a conceptual framework for the
Middle-Income Trap, this book will be of interest to students and
scholars of Asian Economics, Comparative Economics and Asian
Studies.
The term 'Middle-Income Trap' refers to countries which stagnate
economically after reaching a certain level of per capita income on
the basis of labour- and capital-intensive growth, and are
struggling to transition towards more skill-intensive and
technology-driven development. It has resonance for the increasing
number of countries in Asia who have either languished in
middle-income status for extended periods of time, or are worried
about growth slow-downs. This book sets outs the conceptual
underpinnings of the Middle-Income Trap and explores the various
ways it can be defined. It also focuses on the debate surrounding
the Middle-Income Trap which questions the appropriate
institutional and policy settings for middle-income countries to
enable them to continue past the easy phase of economic growth. The
book engages with this debate by investigating the role of
institutions, human capital, and trade policy in helping countries
increase their income levels and by highlighting factors which
enable the shift to higher and qualitatively better growth. It
questions how the large emerging economies in Asia such as China,
Indonesia, and India are currently grappling with the challenges of
transitioning from labour-intensive to technology- and
knowledge-intensive production, and discusses what can be learnt
from the countries that have been able to escape the trap to attain
high-income status. Providing a conceptual framework for the
Middle-Income Trap, this book will be of interest to students and
scholars of Asian Economics, Comparative Economics and Asian
Studies.
However impressive the economic success of Penang has been over the
past four decades, structural conditions in the region call for a
fundamental reconfiguration of this Malaysian state's competitive
advantage. In the 1970s, the ageing entrepot transformed itself
into a manufacturing hub for the electronics industry and a
well-known tourist site. This outward-looking model of economic
growth has underpinned Penang's economic development up until the
present. The question that now arises is whether Penang's present
mode of development will continue to be effective, or whether it
will have to transform itself. First, Malaysia in general, and
Penang in particular are caught in a middle-income trap. Second,
while the evolving weight of the global economy is shifting towards
Asia, many of its emerging powers are competing with Penang in
areas where it formerly excelled. Third, Penang is a state within a
federation, and its capital, George Town, is a secondary city.
Neither can rival Kuala Lumpur in terms of size or facilities, and
thus must offer investors other attributes. Effectively meeting
these challenges while retaining Penang's vibrant and living
culture are the key issues that are dealt with in this second
volume of the Penang Studies Series.
The results of Malaysia's 14th General Elections of May 2018 were
unexpected and transformative. Against conventional wisdom, the
newly reconfigured opposition grouping Pakatan Harapan (PH)
decisively defeated the incumbent Barisan Nasional (BN), ending six
decades of uninterrupted dominant one-party rule. Despite a
long-running financial scandal dogging the ruling coalition,
pollsters and commentators predicted a solid BN victory or, at
least, a narrow parliamentary majority. Yet, on the day, deeply
rooted political dynamics and influential actors came together,
sweeping aside many prevailing assumptions and reconfiguring the
country's political reality in the process. In order to understand
the elections and their implications, this edited volume brings
together contributions from ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute
researchers and a group of selected collaborators to examine the
elections from three angles: campaign dynamics; important trends
among major interest groups; and local-level dynamics and
developments in key states. This analytical work is complemented by
personal narratives from a selection of GE-14 participants.
In the early 1990s, Singapore, the Malaysian state of Johor, and
the Riau Islands in Indonesia sought to leverage their proximity,
differing factor endowments, and good logistics connections to
market themselves as an integrated unit. Beyond national-level
support in all three countries, the initiative had the support of
state and provincial leaders in Johor and Riau, respectively. Now,
however, the situation is markedly different. The Malaysian
government and its Johorean equivalent have invested considerable
resources in encouraging closer integration with Singapore. For its
part, the Indonesian central government has been promoting special
economic zones and export-oriented activities. However, the
provincial government of the Riau Islands has turned away from
export-oriented industrialization, preferring instead to promote
cultural sub-nationalism and traditional economic activities such
as fishing and small-scale farming. This development is
counter-intuitive. Traditional fiscal federalism theory argues that
decentralization encourages competition between provinces for
investment, jobs, and growth. While Indonesia has undergone one of
the world's most far-reaching decentralization reforms, Malaysia
has pursued a consistent centralization campaign at the expense of
state governments. Thus, we would expect the Riau Islands
entrepreneurial drive to be unleashed, and Johor's to be smothered.
However, Johor's drive for capital is undiminished, while the Riau
Islands pursuit of investment has dissipated. This monograph will
explore the reasons for this paradox.
Once acting as local representatives of the national government and
content to let their larger counterparts do the "heavy lifting",
state and provincial governments are increasingly expected to be
stewards of their economies and deliver sustained growth rates for
their citizens. Spurred on by increasing competition, not least
from neighbouring territories, sub-national governments are
increasingly formulating their own plans for economic development,
taking out loans, investing in specialist facilities, and
establishing marketing offices abroad. Despite this increasingly
challenging environment, there is little research on what
sub-national governments can or should do to catalyze the
development of their economies. Focusing on the electronics sector,
this book draws together ten cases of promising states or provinces
largely, but not exclusively, from Asia. These dynamic regions have
managed to outcompete the primary economic and political centres of
power in their countries and are negotiating their own entry into
one of the most challenging and demanding sectors. In exploring the
issues of agency, autonomy, and state-business relations at the
sub-national level, this book aims to shed light on a vital, but
overlooked topic.
To Singapore's immediate south, Indonesia's Riau Islands has a
population of 2 million and a land area of 8,200 sq. km scattered
across some 2,000 islands. The better-known islands include: Batam,
the province's economic motor; Bintan, the area's cultural
heartland and site of the provincial capital, Tanjungpinang; and
Karimun, a ship-building hub strategically located near the Straits
of Malacca. Leveraging on its proximity to Singapore, the Riau
Islands-and particularly Batam-have been a key part of Indonesia's
strategy to develop its manufacturing sector since the 1990s. In
addition to generating a large number of formal sector jobs and
earning foreign exchange, this reorientation opened the way for a
number of far-reaching political and social developments. Key among
them has been: large-scale migration from other parts of the
country; the secession of the Riau Islands from the larger Riau
Province; and the creation of a new provincial government. Adopting
a multidisciplinary framework, this book explores three issues:
what have been the social, political, and environmental effects of
the rapid economic change set in motion in the Riau Islands; to
what extent can or should the province seek to reconfigure its
manufacturing-based economy; and how have the decentralization
reforms implemented across Indonesia affected the Riau Islands.
In 1990, the Malaysian state of Johor - along with Singapore and
the Indonesian island of Batam - launched the Growth Triangle to
attract foreign direct investment. For Johor, this drive was very
successful, transforming its economy and driving up income levels.
Today, Johor is one of Malaysia's 'developed' states, housing large
clusters of electrical and electronics, food processing, and
furniture producing firms.These economic and social changes have
also had political ramifications. While Johor is a bastion of two
of the country's oldest and most established political parties, the
state's large, urban and connected electorate has made it
hospitable terrain for new political organisations. Beyond
electoral politics, Johor is also the home of a powerful and
influential royal family, with very specific ideas about its role
in the state's political life. Building upon earlier work by the
ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute on the Singapore-Johor-Riau Islands
Cross-Border Region, this book focuses on this important Malaysian
state, as it deals with important domestic challenges on one hand
and strives to engage with international markets on the other.
Twenty-five years ago, the governments of Singapore, Malaysia, and
Indonesia agreed to jointly promote the citystate, the state of
Johor in Malaysia and the Riau Islands in Indonesia. Facilitated by
common cultural references, a more distant shared history, and
complementary attributes, interactions between the three
territories developed quickly. Logistics networks have proliferated
and production chains link firms based in one location with
affiliates or transport facilities in the other territories. These
crossborder links have enabled all three locations to develop their
economies and enjoy rising standards of living. Initially economic
in nature, the interactions between Singapore, Johor, and the Riau
Islands have multiplied and grown deeper. Today, people cross the
borders to work, go to school, or avail of an increasing range of
goods and services. New political and social phenomena have
developed. Policy-makers in the various territories now need to
reconcile economic imperatives and issues of identity and
sovereignty. Enabled by their proximity and increasing
opportunities, families have also begun to straddle borders, with
resulting questions about citizenship and belonging. Bringing
together scholars from a range of disciplines, the 18 chapters and
more than 20 maps in this book examine the interaction between
Singapore, Johor, and the Riau Islands over the past
quarter-century, and seek to shed light on how these territories
could develop in the future.
|
You may like...
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
Tenet
John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, …
DVD
R53
Discovery Miles 530
|