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In light of the fact that Francis Hutcheson was one of the most
influential philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, it is
remarkable that there has never been an edition of his
correspondence.
Hutcheson's epistolary offerings include letters published in
journals in England, Ireland, and the Netherlands. These letters
and occasional writings exhibit his polemical skills in
controversy, his differences with Presbyterian orthodoxy, his
preoccupation with religious and intellectual liberty, and his
loyalty and lasting affection for his friends.
These incidental writings provide valuable insight into Hutcheson's
more substantial treatises. His private correspondence and such
documents as his will and the declaration he made upon becoming a
professor at the University of Glasgow give the reader an
impression of Hutcheson's personality and his various life
experiences. The volume includes Hutcheson's letters to the "London
Journal" previewing his first philosophical work, "An Inquiry into
the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue," and his
philosophical critiques of Thomas Hobbes and Bernard Mandeville.
Hutcheson's private correspondence includes nineteen letters
written to the Reverend Thomas Drennan concerning Hutcheson's
frustrations with theological orthodoxy in Glasgow and academia in
Scotland, thirteen letters from his cousin William Bruce, the
famous letters from David Hume, and the letter that Hutcheson wrote
to his father in July 1726 on the subject of church government.
Francis Hutcheson was a crucial link between the continental
European natural law tradition and the emerging Scottish
Enlightenment. Hence, he is a pivotal figure in the Natural Law and
Enlightenment Classics series. A contemporary of Lord Kames and
George Turnbull, an acquaintance of David Hume, and the teacher of
Adam Smith, Hutcheson was arguably the leading figure in making
Scotland distinctive within the general European Enlightenment.
James Moore is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Concordia
University in Montreal.
M. A. Stewart is Honorary Research Professor in the History of
Philosophy at the Universities of Lancaster and Aberdeen.
Knud Haakonssen is Professor of Intellectual History and Director
of the Centre for Intellectual History at the University of Sussex,
England.
In light of the fact that Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746) was one of
the most influential philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, it
is remarkable that there has never been an edition of his
correspondence. Hutcheson's epistolary offerings include letters
published in journals in England, Ireland, and the Netherlands.
These letters and occasional writings exhibit his polemical skills
in controversy, his differences with Presbyterian orthodoxy, his
preoccupation with religious and intellectual liberty, and his
loyalty and lasting affection for his friends. Hutcheson engaged in
extensive public polemics, not least to defend his major works but
also to promote other causes. These incidental writings provide
valuable insight into Hutcheson's more substantial treatises. His
private correspondence and such documents as his will and the
declaration he made upon becoming a professor at the University of
Glasgow give the reader an impression of Hutcheson's personality
and his various life experiences.
The writings of Francis Hutcheson played a central role in the
development of British moral philosophy in the eighteenth century.
His "Illustrations on the Moral Sense" is significant not only
historically but also for its exploration of problems of concern in
contemporary ethics. Yet except for brief selections it has not
appeared in print since the eighteenth century.
Independent moral philosophy began in England with Hobbes and
the reactions to his views, in which two divergent strains were
implicit: one a rationalistic appeal to eternal and immutable
essences and the other an empirical appeal to human affections and
desires. Hutcheson countered Hobbes' theory, which was based on
self interest, with a theory based on the moral sense and made
explicit the opposition between the school of reason and the school
of sentiment. His treatment of these and other issues set British
moral philosophy on a line of development that has continued to the
present.
This edition of "Illustrations on the Moral Sense" again makes
available Hutcheson's contributions to normative ethics and
metaethics, thus making possible a more accurate evaluation of his
significance in the history of ethics. His epistemology of morals
and his theory of justification are critically examined in a
substantial introduction by the editor, Bernard Peach. In addition,
Hutcheson's correspondence with Gilbert Burnet, the Younger, which
is central to an understanding of the controversies in British
moral philosophy in the eighteenth century, is made accessible here
for the first time since 1735 in an extensive appendix.
This publication is a parallel edition of the English and Latin
versions of a book designed by Hutcheson for use in the classroom.
General Editor Knud Haakonssen remarks that "Hutchesons Institutio
was written as a textbook for university students and it therefore
covers a curriculum which has an institutional background in his
own university, Glasgow. This was a curriculum crucially influenced
by Hutchesons predecessor Gershom Carmichael, and at its center was
modern natural jurisprudence as systematised by Grotius, Pufendorf,
and others ...The Institutio is the first major [published] attempt
by Hutcheson to deal with natural law on his own terms ...It
therefore encapsulates the axis of natural law and Scottish
Enlightenment ideas, which so many other thinkers, including Adam
Smith, worked with in their different ways. It is of great
significance that this work issued from the class in which Smith
sat as a student."
This 1742 translation is a collaborative work by Frances Hutcheson
and a colleague at Glasgow University, the classicist James Moor.
Although Hutcheson was secretive about the extent of his work on
the book, he was clearly the leading spirit of the project. This
influential classical work offered a vision of a universe governed
by a natural law that obliges us to love mankind and to govern our
lives in accordance with the natural order of things. In their
account of the life of the emperor, prefaced to their translation
from the Greek, Hutcheson and Moor celebrated the Stoic ideal of an
orderly universe governed by a benevolent God. They contrasted the
serenity recommended and practiced by Marcus Aurelius with the
divisive sectarianism then exhibited by their fellow Presbyterians
in Scotland and elsewhere. They urged their readers and fellow
citizens to set aside their narrow prejudices.
This publication is a parallel edition of the English and Latin
versions of a book designed by Hutcheson for use in the classroom.
General Editor Knud Haakonssen remarks that "Hutchesons Institutio
was written as a textbook for university students and it therefore
covers a curriculum which has an institutional background in his
own university, Glasgow. This was a curriculum crucially influenced
by Hutchesons predecessor Gershom Carmichael, and at its center was
modern natural jurisprudence as systematised by Grotius, Pufendorf,
and others ...The Institutio is the first major [published] attempt
by Hutcheson to deal with natural law on his own terms ...It
therefore encapsulates the axis of natural law and Scottish
Enlightenment ideas, which so many other thinkers, including Adam
Smith, worked with in their different ways. It is of great
significance that this work issued from the class in which Smith
sat as a student."
Until the publication of this Liberty Fund edition, the works
contained in "Logic, Metaphysics, and the Natural Sociability of
Mankind" were available only to that elite group of scholars and
readers who could read Latin. This milestone English translation
will provide a general audience with insight into Hutchesons
thought. In the words of the editors: "Hutchesons Latin texts in
logic (Logicae Compendium) and metaphysics (Synopsis Metaphysicae)
form an important part of his collected works. Published
respectively in 1756 and, in its second edition, 1744, these works
represent Hutchesons only systematic treatments of logic, ontology,
and pneumatology, or the science of the soul. They were considered
indispensable texts for the instruction of students in the
eighteenth century. Any serious study of Hutchesons moral and
political philosophy must take into account his understanding of
logic (of ideas, judgments, propositions, and reasoning) and
metaphysics (of existence, individuation, causation, substance, the
soul, and the attributes of God)." The introduction and notes to
this translation provide context to Hutchesons moral philosophy and
thus provide a setting for his philosophy as a whole. The
introduction and notes also provide links to Hutchesons teaching of
logic and metaphysics during his career in Dublin in the 1720s and
to his teaching of moral philosophy at Glasgow from 1730 until his
death in 1746.
Until the publication of this Liberty Fund edition, the works
contained in "Logic, Metaphysics, and the Natural Sociability of
Mankind" were available only to that elite group of scholars and
readers who could read Latin. This milestone English translation
will provide a general audience with insight into Hutchesons
thought. In the words of the editors: "Hutchesons Latin texts in
logic (Logicae Compendium) and metaphysics (Synopsis Metaphysicae)
form an important part of his collected works. Published
respectively in 1756 and, in its second edition, 1744, these works
represent Hutchesons only systematic treatments of logic, ontology,
and pneumatology, or the science of the soul. They were considered
indispensable texts for the instruction of students in the
eighteenth century. Any serious study of Hutchesons moral and
political philosophy must take into account his understanding of
logic (of ideas, judgments, propositions, and reasoning) and
metaphysics (of existence, individuation, causation, substance, the
soul, and the attributes of God)." The introduction and notes to
this translation provide context to Hutchesons moral philosophy and
thus provide a setting for his philosophy as a whole. The
introduction and notes also provide links to Hutchesons teaching of
logic and metaphysics during his career in Dublin in the 1720s and
to his teaching of moral philosophy at Glasgow from 1730 until his
death in 1746.
In this work William Henry Chamberlin offers his perspective as a
seasoned journalist on the United States' involvement in World War
II. Written only five years after the unconditional surrenders of
Germany and Japan, the book is a window into its time.
William Henry Chamberlin (1897-1969) was an American journalist
best known for his writings on the Cold War, Communism, and U.S.
foreign policy.
This 1742 translation is a collaborative work by Frances Hutcheson
and a colleague at Glasgow University, the classicist James Moor.
Although Hutcheson was secretive about the extent of his work on
the book, he was clearly the leading spirit of the project. This
influential classical work offered a vision of a universe governed
by a natural law that obliges us to love mankind and to govern our
lives in accordance with the natural order of things. In their
account of the life of the emperor, prefaced to their translation
from the Greek, Hutcheson and Moor celebrated the Stoic ideal of an
orderly universe governed by a benevolent God. They contrasted the
serenity recommended and practiced by Marcus Aurelius with the
divisive sectarianism then exhibited by their fellow Presbyterians
in Scotland and elsewhere. They urged their readers and fellow
citizens to set aside their narrow prejudices.
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