The author has shown that practically all our laws, principles, and theories are not physically realizable, since they were derived from an empty space paradigm. From which this book is started with the origin of our temporal (t > 0) universe, it shows that temporal subspace is a physically realizable space within our universe. As in contrasted with generally accepted paradigm where time is an independent variable. From which the author has shown that it is not how rigorous mathematics is, but it is the temporal (t > 0) space paradigm determines the physically realizable solution. Although Einstein's relativity and Schroedinger's principle had revolutionized the modern science, this book has shown that both theory and principle are physically non-realizable since they were developed from an empty space paradigm. One of the most important contribution of this book must be the revolutionary idea of our temporal (t > 0) space, for which the author has shown that absolute certainty exists only at the present (t = 0) moment. Where past-time information has no physical substance and future-time represents a physically realizable yet uncertainty. From which the author has shown that all the existent laws, principles, and theories were based on past-time certainties to predict the future, but science is supposed to be approximated. The author has also shown that this is precisely our theoretical science was developed. But time independent laws and principles are not existed within our temporal universe, in view of the author's temporal exclusive principle. By which the author has noted that timeless science has already created a worldwide conspiracy for examples such as superposition principle, qubit information, relativity theory, wormhole travelling and many others. This book has also shown that Heisenberg's uncertainty is an observational principle independent with time, yet within our universe everything changes with time. In this book the author has also noted that micro space behaviors the same as macro space regardless of the particle size. Finally, one of interesting feature is that, that big bang creation was ignited by a self-induced gravitational force instead by time as commonly believed. Nevertheless, everything has a price to pay; a section of time t and an amount of energy E and it is not free. The author has also shown that time is the only variable that cannot be changed. Although we can squeeze a section of time t as small as we wish but we can never able to squeeze t to zero even we have all the needed energy. Nevertheless, this revolutionary book closer to the truth is highly recommended to every scientist and engineer, otherwise we will forever be trapped within the timeless fantasyland of science. This book is intended for cosmologists, particle physicists, astrophysicists, quantum physicists, computer scientists, optical scientists, communication engineers, professors, and students as a reference or a research-oriented book.

While there are books treating individual topics contained in this book, this will be the first single volume providing a cohesive treatment on this subject as a whole. This goes beyond optical communications in that it includes related topics such as sensing, displays, computing, and data storage.

The advances of photorefractive optics have demonstrated many useful and practical applications, which include the development of photorefractive optic devices for computer communication needs. To name a couple significant applications: the large capacity optical memory, which can greatly improve the accessible high-speed CD-ROM and the dynamic photorefractive gratings, which can be used for all-optic switches for high-speed fiber optic networks. This book is an important reference both for technical and non-technical staffs who are interested in this field.

* Covers the recent development in materials, phenomena, and applications
* Includes growth, characterization, dynamic gratings, and liquid crystal PR effect
* Includes applications to photonic devices such as large capacity optical memory, 3-D interconnections, and dynamic holograms
* Provides the recent overall picture of current trends in photorefractive optics
* Includes optical and electronic properties of the materials as applied to dynamic photorefractive fiber

The author has shown that practically all our laws, principles, and theories are not physically realizable, since they were derived from an empty space paradigm. From which this book is started with the origin of our temporal (t > 0) universe, it shows that temporal subspace is a physically realizable space within our universe. As in contrasted with generally accepted paradigm where time is an independent variable. From which the author has shown that it is not how rigorous mathematics is, but it is the temporal (t > 0) space paradigm determines the physically realizable solution. Although Einstein's relativity and Schroedinger's principle had revolutionized the modern science, this book has shown that both theory and principle are physically non-realizable since they were developed from an empty space paradigm. One of the most important contribution of this book must be the revolutionary idea of our temporal (t > 0) space, for which the author has shown that absolute certainty exists only at the present (t = 0) moment. Where past-time information has no physical substance and future-time represents a physically realizable yet uncertainty. From which the author has shown that all the existent laws, principles, and theories were based on past-time certainties to predict the future, but science is supposed to be approximated. The author has also shown that this is precisely our theoretical science was developed. But time independent laws and principles are not existed within our temporal universe, in view of the author's temporal exclusive principle. By which the author has noted that timeless science has already created a worldwide conspiracy for examples such as superposition principle, qubit information, relativity theory, wormhole travelling and many others. This book has also shown that Heisenberg's uncertainty is an observational principle independent with time, yet within our universe everything changes with time. In this book the author has also noted that micro space behaviors the same as macro space regardless of the particle size. Finally, one of interesting feature is that, that big bang creation was ignited by a self-induced gravitational force instead by time as commonly believed. Nevertheless, everything has a price to pay; a section of time t and an amount of energy E and it is not free. The author has also shown that time is the only variable that cannot be changed. Although we can squeeze a section of time t as small as we wish but we can never able to squeeze t to zero even we have all the needed energy. Nevertheless, this revolutionary book closer to the truth is highly recommended to every scientist and engineer, otherwise we will forever be trapped within the timeless fantasyland of science. This book is intended for cosmologists, particle physicists, astrophysicists, quantum physicists, computer scientists, optical scientists, communication engineers, professors, and students as a reference or a research-oriented book.

The need for both intrinsic and extrinsic fiber optic sensor technologies continues to grow. To meet the demands of this fast expanding applications-driven market, Fiber Optic Sensors, Second Edition presents both the latest advances in fiber optic sensor technology, such as the application of photonic crystal fibers to fiber optic gyroscopes, and recent application opportunities, including the use of fiber optic sensors as a minimally invasive medical treatment. The new edition of this seminal work highlights the development of fiber optic sensors, while providing an overview of current methods for the construction of high-speed and high-capacity fiber optic systems. Two new chapters cover topics such as femtosecond laser illumination inscription and the growing application sector of fiber optic chemical and biological sensors. Adding significant new material, the book continues to provide a progressive history of each sensor type as well as basic principles and fundamental building blocks for practical applications in the electrical aerospace, defense and manufacturing, smart structure, undersea surveillance, medical, and gas and oil industries.

This book presents the idea that innovative ways of teaching and learning are very essential to retention and growth. Presented in 15 sections, the book starts with the common sense training on education and moves on to neural network operation. Throughout the book, the art of learning, associative, cognitive, and creative learning are stated and defined. Learning simplicity, information content as related to neural network learning are discussed. The author also discusses neural plasticity and adaptability in smarter neural networks. If we know our human brain's basic abilities and limitation then a better educational methods can be implemented. Presents the idea that innovative ways of teaching and learning are very essential to retention and growth Discusses major differences and constraints between neural network and computer Presents the significances of learning simplicity and information content as related to neural network learning are included Stresses the neural network learning capabilities and limitations and their role in developing more efficient learning techniques

The need for both intrinsic and extrinsic fiber optic sensor technologies continues to grow. To meet the demands of this fast expanding applications-driven market, Fiber Optic Sensors, Second Edition presents both the latest advances in fiber optic sensor technology, such as the application of photonic crystal fibers to fiber optic gyroscopes, and recent application opportunities, including the use of fiber optic sensors as a minimally invasive medical treatment.

The new edition of this seminal work highlights the development of fiber optic sensors, while providing an overview of current methods for the construction of high-speed and high-capacity fiber optic systems. Two new chapters cover topics such as femtosecond laser illumination inscription and the growing application sector of fiber optic chemical and biological sensors.

Adding significant new material, the book continues to provide a progressive history of each sensor type as well as basic principles and fundamental building blocks for practical applications in the electrical aerospace, defense and manufacturing, smart structure, undersea surveillance, medical, and gas and oil industries.

This book shows there is a profound connection between information and entropy. Without this connection, information would be more difficult to apply to science. This book covers the connection and the application to modern optics and radar imaging. It shows that there exists a profound relationship between Einstein's relativity theory and Schroeinger's quantum mechanics, by means of the uncertainty principle. In due of the uncertainty relation, this book shows that every bit of information takes time and energy to transfer, to create and to observe. The new edition contains 3 new chapters on radar imaging with optics, science in the myth of information, and time and the enigma of space.

This book shows there is a profound connection between information and entropy. Without this connection, information would be more difficult to apply to science. This book covers the connection and the application to modern optics and radar imaging. It shows that there exists a profound relationship between Einstein's relativity theory and Schroeinger's quantum mechanics, by means of the uncertainty principle. In due of the uncertainty relation, this book shows that every bit of information takes time and energy to transfer, to create and to observe. The new edition contains 3 new chapters on radar imaging with optics, science in the myth of information, and time and the enigma of space.

This book provides a comprehensive review of optical pattern recognition, covering theoretical aspects as well as details of practical implementations and signal processing techniques. The first chapter is devoted to pattern recognition performed with optical correlators. Later chapters discuss new approaches based on neural networks, wavelet transforms, and the fractional Fourier transform. The book also covers nonlinear filter methods and optical-electronic hybrid systems. The final part deals with the devices and materials employed in modern systems, such as photorefractive crystals, microlasers, and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. The volume gives many examples of working systems that integrate optics, electronics, and computers, and it covers a range of new developments from mathematical theories to novel optical materials. It will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in optical engineering and machine vision.

Optical devices are employed in an ever-increasing range of applications, from simple lenses to complex fibre-optic communication networks. This book provides a detailed introduction to modern optical engineering, covering the fundamental concepts as well as practical techniques and applications. Basic optical principles are presented, particularly reflection, refraction, aberrations, diffraction and interference. Building on this foundation, a wide variety of optical devices and processes are then discussed, including simple optical instruments, photodetectors, spatial light modulators, holography and lasers. Two chapters are devoted to linear system transforms and signal processing, and the book concludes with a chapter on fibre optics. The book contains many worked examples and over 250 problems (solutions manual for instructors available from the publishers). It will be invaluable to electrical engineering and physics undergraduates taking courses in optical engineering, photonics, and electro-optics.

Neural Neteorks & Education: The Art of Learning By Francis T. S. Yu This book is written in an unconventional format, it is more like a slide presentation than a book. It is designed to be as simple as possible so that almost everyone can read it. This book has 15 sections. It starts with the common sense on education and moves on to the neural network operation. The art of learning; associative, cognitive, and creative learning were stated and defined. Learning simplicity, information content as related to neural network learning was discussed. We also discussed neural plasticity and adaptability in smarter neural network. If we know our human brain's basic abilities and limitations then a better educational method can be implemented. The essence of this book is to show that to cope with the rapid advances of science and technology; we have to teach our students differently from the old fashioned traditional way. Namely teach students to build on those simplicities; teach them the basics and what the significances of the subjects are. And later build on those simplicities as the foundation for their learning. Encourage unsupervised leanings and life-long learning.

This book is writing in an unconventional format, it is more like a slide presentation than a book. It is designed to be as simple as possible so that almost every everyone can read it. This book has 15 sections. It starts with the common sense on education and moves on to the neural network operation. The art of learning, associative, cognitive, and creative learning were stated and defined. Learning simplicity, information content as related to neural network learning was discussed. We also discussed neural plasticity and adaptability in smarter neural network. If we know our human brain's basic abilities and limitation then a better educational method can be implemented.