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This book highlights the significance of a group of five texts
excluded from the standard Christian Bible and preserved only in
Ge‘ez, the classical language of Ethiopia. These texts are
crucial for modern scholars due to their significance for a wide
range of early readers, as extant fragments of other early
translations confirm in most cases. Yet they are also noted for
their eventual marginalization and abandonment, as a more
restrictive understanding of the biblical canon prevailed –
everywhere except in Ethiopia, with its distinctive Christian
tradition in which the concept of a “closed canon” is alien. In
focusing upon 1 Enoch, Jubilees, the Ascension of Isaiah, the
Epistula Apostolorum, and the Apocalypse of Peter, the contributors
to this volume group them together as representatives of a time in
early Christian history when sacred texts were not limited by a
sharply defined canonical boundary. In doing so, this book also
highlights the unique and under-appreciated contribution of the
Ethiopic Christian Tradition to the study of early Christianity.
Pauline- and Gospel-centred readings have too long provided the
normative understanding of Christian identity. The chapters in this
volume features evidence from other, less-frequently studied texts,
so as to broaden perspectives on early Christian identity. Each
chapter in the collection focuses on one or more of the later New
Testament epistles and answers one of the following questions: what
did/do these texts uniquely contribute to Christian identity? How
does the author frame or shape identity? What are the potential
results of the identities constructed in these texts for early
Christian communities? What are the influences of these texts on
later Christian identity? Together these chapters contribute fresh
insights through innovative research, furthering the discussion on
the theological and historical importance of these texts within the
canon. The distinguished list of contributors includes: Richard
Bauckham, David G. Horrell, Francis Watson, and Robert W. Wall.
Producing Christian Culture takes as its thread the 'interpretative
genres' within which medieval people engaged with the Bible.
Contributors to the volume present specific material as a case
study illustrative of a specific genre, whether devotional,
homiletical, scholarly, or controversial. The chronological range
moves from St Augustine to the use of gospel texts in polemical
writing of the first two decades of the 1500s, with focal sections
on early medieval Anglo-Saxon and Carolingian theology, the
scholastic turn of the High Middle Ages, and the influence of
vernacular writing in the later Middle Ages. The tremendous range
and vitality of medieval responses to biblical texts are
highlighted within the studies.
The so-called Epistula Apostolorum is an early gospel-like text in
which the eleven apostles recount a question-and-answer session
with the risen Jesus on Easter morning, intended to equip them for
the worldwide mission to which they are now called. The Epistula
draws selectively from the Gospels of John and Matthew, while
disagreeing with its sources at a number of points and claiming
definitive status for its own rendering of the apostolic gospel.
This book is based on a new translation of this important but
neglected text, drawing on the Coptic, Ethiopic, and Latin
manuscript evidence and with variants noted in an English-language
critical apparatus. Extensive additional notes are provided to
clarify issues of text, translation, and exegesis. The central
chapters explore major theological themes such as incarnation,
resurrection, and eschatology in the light of related texts within
and beyond the New Testament.
Issues of gender and sexuality have recently come to the fore in all humanities disciplines, and this book reflects this broad interdisciplinary situation. It focuses on issues of gender and sexuality (eros) in the light of the comprehensive divine-human love (agape) which, for the New Testament, lies at the heart of Christian faith and practice. The intention is to outline a distinctively Christian understanding of the male/female relationship reflecting the priority of agape over eros. Key Pauline texts are read alongside modern texts by Virginia Woolf, Freud and Irigaray.
This title details the cover-up of one of the worst labour
tragedies in American history. The authors conducted an
archaeological dig of the site and include their observations. It
includes many illustrations. It will appeal to readers interested
in Irish and Irish-American history, labour history, and the
history of technology and medicine. In 1832, fifty-seven Irish
Catholic workers were brought to the United States to lay one of
the most difficult miles of American railway, Duffy's Cut of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. In the eyes of the company, these men were
expendable. Deaths were common during the building of the railway
but this stretch was worse than most. When cholera swept the camp,
basic medical attention and community support was denied to them.
In the end, all fifty-seven men died and were buried in a mass
unmarked grave. Their families in Ireland were never told what
happened to them. The company did its best to cover up the
incident, which was one of the worst labour tragedies in U.S.
history. This book tells the story of these men, the sacrifices
they made, and the mistreatment that claimed their lives. learn how
Irish labour built the railroads, and about the impact of the Great
Cholera Epidemic on American life. The authors argue that the
annihilation of the work crew came about because of the extreme
conditions of their employment, the prejudice of the surrounding
community, and vigilante violence that kept them isolated. The
authors' archaeological digs at the site and meticulous historical
research shed light on this tragic chapter in American labour
history.
Readers of Paul today are more than ever aware of the importance of
interpreting Paul's letters in their Jewish context. In Reading
Romans in Context a team of Pauline scholars go beyond a general
introduction that surveys historical events and theological themes
and explore Paul's letter to the Romans in light of Second Temple
Jewish literature. In this non-technical collection of short
essays, beginning and intermediate students are given a chance to
see firsthand what makes Paul a distinctive thinker in relation to
his Jewish contemporaries. Following the narrative progression of
Romans, each chapter pairs a major unit of the letter with one or
more thematically related Jewish text, introduces and explores the
theological nuances of the comparative text, and shows how these
ideas illuminate our understanding of the book of Romans.
One man could have enabled the most audacious terrorist threat
against America prior to 9/11 and helped the Nazis win World War
II-the Nazi spy pastor, Carl Krepper. His riveting story brings to
light a forgotten chapter in the history of the Second World War.
As America continues to wrestle with issues surrounding the threat
of sabotage and terrorism, this eye-opening work details a very
real threat faced by our country in the Second World War, and the
key aspects of the underground war that was fought in this country
by Nazi agents. The Nazi Spy Pastor: Carl Krepper and the War in
America presents the fascinating true story of a secret plot to be
executed on American soil-a German sabotage operation with intended
targets in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and
Illinois. This book chronicles, for the first time, the remarkable
life of Carl Krepper-naturalized American citizen, Lutheran pastor,
and the Nazi deep-cover operative who could have made possible the
greatest terrorist threat on American soil prior to the attacks on
September 11th. Historian J. Francis Watson draws on newly
declassified archival and documentary materials to tell the full
story of how a devoted clergyman lost his way and betrayed his
calling, instead advocating an ideology that supported genocide and
the deaths of innocent victims in America, and how he came to play
a key role in the Pastorius sabotage plot. The book covers
fascinating cloak-and-dagger details of submarine infiltrations,
safe houses, and secret codes, detailing Krepper's life, his work
as a Nazi agent, and the FBI sting operation that finally brought
about his arrest in December of 1944. This little-known, real-life
espionage story will serve students of World War II history and
appeal to readers interested in immigration and the integration of
immigrant populations as well as the histories of New York and New
Jersey. Offers a compelling view into "the mind of a spy,"
identifying the elements and events that motivated Carl Krepper and
led him to his treasonous work Utilizes newly declassified material
from the FBI as well as other archival materials from the United
States and Germany to provide a more accurate and complete
portrayal of Krepper's actions and intentions than previously
possible Draws connections between what happened to America during
World War II and current national security challenges and threats
of terrorism facing the United States in the modern context
Documents how Krepper's arrest and trial were used as a basis for
the arrest and trial of some of the prisoners at Guantanamo
following the events of September 11, 2001
This groundbreaking approach to the study of the fourfold gospel
offers a challenging alternative to prevailing assumptions about
the creation of the gospels and their portraits of Jesus. How and
why does it matter that we have these four gospels? Why were they
placed alongside one another as four parallel yet diverse
retellings of the same story? Francis Watson, widely regarded as
one of the foremost New Testament scholars of our time, explains
that the four gospels were chosen to give a portrait of Jesus. He
explores the significance of the fourfold gospel's plural form for
those who constructed it and for later Christian communities,
showing that in its plurality it bears definitive witness to what
God has done in Jesus Christ. Watson focuses on reading the gospels
as a group rather than in isolation and explains that the fourfold
gospel is greater than, and other than, the sum of its individual
parts. Interweaving historical, exegetical, and theological
perspectives, this book is accessibly written for students and
pastors but is also of interest to professors and scholars.
This volume examines the 'counter-narratives' of the core Christian
story, proposed by texts from Nag Hammadi and elsewhere. A
noteworthy body of highly respected scholars examine material that
is sometimes difficult and often overlooked, contributing to the
ongoing effort to integrate Nag Hammadi and related literature into
the mainstream of New Testament and early Christian studies. By
retracing the major elements of the Christian story in sequence,
they are able to discuss how and why each aspect was disputed on
inner-Christian grounds, and to reflect on the different accounts
of Christian identity underlying these disputes. Together the
essays in this book address a central issue: towards the end of the
second century, Irenaeus could claim that the overwhelming majority
of Christians throughout the world were agreed on a version of the
core Christian story which is still recognisable today. Yet, as
Irenaeus concedes and as the Nag Hammadi texts have confirmed,
there were many who wished to tell the core Christian story
differently. Those who criticized and rejected the standard story
did so not because they were adherents of another religion,
'Gnosticism', but because they were Christians who believed that
the standard account was wrong at point after point. Ranging from
the Gospels of Judas and Mary to Galatians and Ptolemy's Letter to
Flora, this volume provides a fascinating analysis of how the
Christian story as we know it today developed against
counter-readings from other early Christian traditions.
Producing Christian Culture takes as its thread the 'interpretative
genres' within which medieval people engaged with the Bible.
Contributors to the volume present specific material as a case
study illustrative of a specific genre, whether devotional,
homiletical, scholarly, or controversial. The chronological range
moves from St Augustine to the use of gospel texts in polemical
writing of the first two decades of the 1500s, with focal sections
on early medieval Anglo-Saxon and Carolingian theology, the
scholastic turn of the High Middle Ages, and the influence of
vernacular writing in the later Middle Ages. The tremendous range
and vitality of medieval responses to biblical texts are
highlighted within the studies.
Once A Pear... is the enthralling cricketing story of Daryl
Mitchell - the ultimate 'one-club man'. Daryl graduated from the
village game to become the first Worcestershire captain born in the
county since 1925. He turned down offers from other, more famous
counties to play for the club for 17 years in a turbulent career
that saw five promotions, five relegations and short-form triumphs
in the Pro40 competition and the Twenty20 Blast. A club legend, 38
first-class county hundreds put him sixth in the all-time list of
Worcestershire centurions, while his 295 catches place him eighth
in the fielding records. Four years as chairman of the Professional
Cricketers' Association speaks volumes for the esteem he is held in
by fellow professionals. In Once A Pear... Daryl reveals what it
takes to be a successful county cricketer, and the impact on a
player's mental health, while exploring how the game has changed in
the last 20 years. This is the story of a true cricket man.
The disciplines of biblical studies and systematic theology have in
modern times been practiced in relative isolation from one another.
Francis Watson argues that the separate development of Old and New
Testament studies and systematic theology impoverishes all three
disciplines and distorts the object of their study. In the past, a
"biblical theology" that took seriously the theological
responsibilities of the biblical interpreter was criticized by some
scholars as detrimental to the practice of both the exegetical and
the theological disciplines. Here Francis Watson argues for more
theological involvement with exegesis and hermeneutics rather than
less: biblical theology, he contends, must be practiced in an
interdisciplinary approach that can draw freely on the resources
and perspectives of the two exegetical disciplines and of
systematic theology. The first part of the book examines particular
themes in theological hermeneutics. Contemporary hermeneutical
debates-such as the relationship of history-writing and fiction,
textual indeterminacy, and interpretative pluralism-are engaged
from an explicitly theological point of view. The second part
analyzes Christian theological use of the Old Testament. It
advocates an approach to Old Testament interpretation in which the
retrospective Christian re-reading of Jewish scripture as preparing
the way for the coming of Christ is once again taken seriously.
This book builds on Watson's previous book Text, Church and World:
Biblical Interpretation in Theological Perspective in advocating an
approach in which biblical interpretation seeks to contribute
directly to the work of Christian theological construction. It is
only through this interdisciplinary approach, Watson contends, that
the Bible will be interpreted in a manner consistent with its
status as the holy scripture of the Christian community.
The three Garima Gospels are the earliest surviving Ethiopian
gospel books. They provide glimpses of lost late antique luxury
gospel books and art of the fifth to seventh centuries, from the
Aksumite kingdom of Ethiopia. This book reproduces all of the
Garima illuminated pages for the first time, and presents extensive
comparative material. It will be an essential resource for those
studying late antique art and history, Ethiopia, eastern
Christianity, New Testament textual criticism, and illuminated
books. 316 colour illustrations. Preface and photographs by Michael
Gevers. Like most gospel manuscripts, the Garima Gospels contain
ornately decorated canon tables which function as concordances of
the different versions of the same material in the gospels.
Analysis of these tables of numbered parallel passages, devised by
Eusebius of Caesarea, contributes significantly to our
understanding of the early development of the canonical four gospel
collection. The origins and meanings of the decorated frames,
portraits of the evangelists, Alexandrian circular pavilion, and
the unique image of the Jerusalem Temple are explored.
In recent years, scholars from both Christian and Jewish
backgrounds have tried to rethink the relationship between earliest
Christianity and its Jewish milieu; and Paul has emerged as a
central figure in this debate. Francis Watson contributes to this
scholarly discussion by seeing Paul and his Jewish contemporaries
as, above all, readers of scripture. However different the
conclusions they draw, they all endeavour to make sense of the same
normative scriptural texts - in the belief that, as they interpret
the scriptural texts, the texts will themselves interpret and
illuminate the world of contemporary experience. In that sense,
Paul and his contemporaries are standing on common ground. Far from
relativizing their differences, however, it is this common ground
that makes such differences possible. In this new edition Watson
provides a comprehensive new introduction entitled 'A Response to
My Critics' in which he directly engages with the critics of the
previous edition. There is a substantial new Preface and two new
Appendices, and the text has been fully revised throughout.
This is a new release of the original 1938 edition.
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Pauline- and Gospel-centred readings have too long provided the
normative understanding of Christian identity. The chapters in this
volume features evidence from other, less-frequently studied texts,
so as to broaden perspectives on early Christian identity. Each
chapter in the collection focuses on one or more of the later New
Testament epistles and answers one of the following questions: what
did/do these texts uniquely contribute to Christian identity? How
does the author frame or shape identity? What are the potential
results of the identities constructed in these texts for early
Christian communities? What are the influences of these texts on
later Christian identity? Together these chapters contribute fresh
insights through innovative research, furthering the discussion on
the theological and historical importance of these texts within the
canon. The distinguished list of contributors includes: Richard
Bauckham, David G. Horrell, Francis Watson, and Robert W. Wall.
In this new, completely rewritten edition of his major 1986 book,
Francis Watson extends, updates, and clarifies his response to
E.??P. Sanders??'s view of Paul, in order to point the way beyond
the polarization of "new" and "old" perspectives on the apostle.
The Paul who comes to light in these pages is agent and thinker,
apostle and theologian. He is a highly contextual figure, yet his
account of Christian identity continues to shape the church's life
to this day. He is the founder of mainly Gentile, Christ-believing
communities, separated from the synagogue; and yet he can see this
distinctive existence as an authentic response to Jewish scripture
and tradition, as fulfilled in Christ. He is a many-sided figure,
transcending all our attempts to categorize him or to co-opt him
for our own favored causes.
The so-called Epistula Apostolorum is an early gospel-like text in
which the eleven apostles recount a question-and-answer session
with the risen Jesus on Easter morning, intended to equip them for
the worldwide mission to which they are now called. The Epistula
draws selectively from the Gospels of John and Matthew, while
disagreeing with its sources at a number of points and claiming
definitive status for its own rendering of the apostolic gospel.
This book is based on a new translation of this important but
neglected text, drawing on the Coptic, Ethiopic, and Latin
manuscript evidence and with variants noted in an English-language
critical apparatus. Extensive additional notes are provided to
clarify issues of text, translation, and exegesis. The central
chapters explore major theological themes such as incarnation,
resurrection, and eschatology in the light of related texts within
and beyond the New Testament.
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