Mathematics in Medicine and the Life Sciences grew from lectures given by the authors at New York University, the University of Utah, and Michigan State University. The material is written for students who have had but one term of calculus, but it contains material that can be used in modeling courses in applied mathematics at all levels through early graduate courses. Numerous exercises are given as well, and solutions to selected exercises are included. Numerous illustrations depict physiological processes, population biology phenomena, models of them, and the results of computer simulations. Mathematical models and methods are becoming increasingly important in medicine and the life sciences. This book provides an introduction to a wide diversity of problems ranging from population phenomena to demographics, genetics, epidemics and dispersal; in physiological processes, including the circulation, gas exchange in the lungs, control of cell volume, the renal counter-current multiplier mechanism, and muscle mechanics; to mechanisms of neural control. Each chapter is graded in difficulty, so a reading of the first parts of each provides an elementary introduction to the processes and their models. Materials that deal with the same topics but in greater depth are included later. Finally, exercises and some solutions are given to test the reader on important parts of the material in teh text, or to lead the reader to the discovery of interesting extensions of that material.

Devoted to local and global analysis of weakly connected systems with applications to neurosciences, this book uses bifurcation theory and canonical models as the major tools of analysis. It presents a systematic and well motivated development of both weakly connected system theory and mathematical neuroscience, addressing bifurcations in neuron and brain dynamics, synaptic organisations of the brain, and the nature of neural codes. The authors present classical results together with the most recent developments in the field, making this a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in various branches of mathematical neuroscience.

Beginning with realistic mathematical or verbal models of physical or biological phenomena, the author derives tractable mathematical models that are amenable to further mathematical analysis or to elucidating computer simulations. For the most part, derivations are based on perturbation methods. Because of this, the majority of the text is devoted to careful derivations of implicit function theorems, the method of averaging, and quasi-static state approximation methods. The duality between stability and perturbation is developed and used, relying heavily on the concept of stability under persistent disturbances. This explains why stability results developed for quite simple problems are often useful for more complicated, even chaotic, ones. Relevant topics about linear systems, nonlinear oscillations, and stability methods for difference, differential-delay, integro- differential and ordinary and partial differential equations are developed throughout the book. For the second edition, the author has restructured the chapters, placing special emphasis on introductory materials in Chapters 1 and 2 as distinct from presentation materials in Chapters 3 through 8. In addition, more material on bifurcations from the point of view of canonical models, sections on randomly perturbed systems, and several new computer simulations have been added.

This book covers the impact of noise on models that are widely used in science and engineering applications. It applies perturbed methods, which assume noise changes on a faster time or space scale than the system being studied. The book is written in two parts. The first part presents a careful development of mathematical methods needed to study random perturbations of dynamical systems. The second part presents non-random problems in a variety of important applications. Such problems are reformulated to account for both external and system random noise.

Beginning with realistic mathematical or verbal models of physical or biological phenomena, the author derives tractable models for further mathematical analysis or computer simulations. For the most part, derivations are based on perturbation methods, and the majority of the text is devoted to careful derivations of implicit function theorems, the method of averaging, and quasi-static state approximation methods. The duality between stability and perturbation is developed and used, relying heavily on the concept of stability under persistent disturbances. Relevant topics about linear systems, nonlinear oscillations, and stability methods for difference, differential-delay, integro-differential and ordinary and partial differential equations are developed throughout the book. For the second edition, the author has restructured the chapters, placing special emphasis on introductory materials in Chapters 1 and 2 as distinct from presentation materials in Chapters 3 through 8. In addition, more material on bifurcations from the point of view of canonical models, sections on randomly perturbed systems, and several new computer simulations have been added.

Devoted to local and global analysis of weakly connected systems with applications to neurosciences, this book uses bifurcation theory and canonical models as the major tools of analysis. It presents a systematic and well motivated development of both weakly connected system theory and mathematical neuroscience, addressing bifurcations in neuron and brain dynamics, synaptic organisations of the brain, and the nature of neural codes. The authors present classical results together with the most recent developments in the field, making this a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in various branches of mathematical neuroscience.

This book develops methods for describing random dynamical systems, and it illustrats how the methods can be used in a variety of applications. Appeals to researchers and graduate students who require tools to investigate stochastic systems.

In studying the dynamics of populations, whether of animals, plants or cells, it is crucial to allow for intrinsic delays, due to such things as gestation, maturation or transport. This book is concerned with one of the fundamental questions in the analysis of the effect of delays, namely determining whether they effect the stability of steady states. The analysis is presented for one or two such delays treated both as discrete, where an event which occurred at a precise time in the past has an effect now, and distributed, where the delay is averaged over the population's history. Both of these types occur in biological contexts. The method used to tackle these questions is linear stability analysis which leads to an understanding of the local stability. By avoiding global questions, the author has kept the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum, essentially advanced calculus and ordinary differential equations.

The result of lectures given by the authors at New York University, the University of Utah, and Michigan State University, the material is written for students who have had only one term of calculus, but it contains material that can be used in modeling courses in applied mathematics at all levels through early graduate courses. Numerous exercises are given as well as solutions to selected exercises, so as to lead readers to discover interesting extensions of that material. Throughout, illustrations depict physiological processes, population biology phenomena, corresponding models, and the results of computer simulations. Topics covered range from population phenomena to demographics, genetics, epidemics and dispersal; in physiological processes, including the circulation, gas exchange in the lungs, control of cell volume, the renal counter-current multiplier mechanism, and muscle mechanics; to mechanisms of neural control. Each chapter is graded in difficulty, so a reading of the first parts of each provides an elementary introduction to the processes and their models.

This book describes the signal processing aspects of neural networks. It begins with a presentation of the necessary background material in electronic circuits, mathematical modeling and analysis, signal processing, and neurosciences, and then proceeds to applications. These applications include small networks of neurons, such as those used in control of warm-up and flight in moths and control of respiration during exercise in humans. Next, a theory of mnemonic surfaces is developed and studied and material on pattern formation and cellular automata is presented. Finally, large networks are studied, such as the thalamus-reticular complex circuit, believed to be involved in focusing attention, and the development of connections in the visual cortex. Additional material is also provided about nonlinear wave propagation in networks. This book will serve as an excellent text for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, medicine and life sciences.

In studying the dynamics of populations, whether of animals, plants or cells, it is crucial to allow for intrinsic delays, due to such things as gestation, maturation or transport. This book is concerned with one of the fundamental questions in the analysis of the effect of delays, namely determining whether they effect the stability of steady states. The analysis is presented for one or two such delays treated both as discrete, where an event which occurred at a precise time in the past has an effect now, and distributed, where the delay is averaged over the population's history. Both of these types occur in biological contexts. The method used to tackle these questions is linear stability analysis which leads to an understanding of the local stability. By avoiding global questions, the author has kept the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum, essentially advanced calculus and ordinary differential equations.

This book describes signal processing aspects of neural networks, how we receive and assess information. Beginning with a presentation of the necessary background material in electronic circuits, mathematical modeling and analysis, signal processing, and neurosciences, it proceeds to applications. These applications include small networks of neurons, such as those used in control of warm-up and flight in moths and control of respiration during exercise in humans. Next, Hoppensteadt develops a theory of mnemonic surfaces and presents material on pattern formation and cellular automata. Finally, the text addresses the large networks, such as the thalamus-reticular complex circuit, that may be involved in focusing attention, and the development of connections in the visual cortex. This book will serve as an excellent text for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, medicine and life sciences.

An introduction to mathematical methods used in the study of population phenomena including models of total population and population age structure, models of random population events presented in terms of Markov chains, and methods used to uncover qualitative behavior of more complicated difference equations.