The specialty of medical retina remains one of the most challenging fields in ophthalmology. Fortunately, in the past few years the standard of knowledge in the area of medical retina has improved substantially. The insight in basic mechanisms of disease has been expanded and novel diagnostic and efficacious therapeutic strategies have been developed bridging the gap between laboratory and clinical science. For example, new developments in ophthalmic imaging have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of various retinal diseases. This volume encompasses the application of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy including fundus autofluorescence imaging as well as the mapping of central visual function by microperimetry. It also covers anti-VEGF therapy that has revolutionized the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The next big challenge, the management and treatment targets for dry AMD is also presented as well as the practical relevance for the management of diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusions. Written by world-renowned experts, this authoritative work on medical retina is both comprehensive and practical and will serve the need of all ophthalmologists as well as optometrists and ophthalmic nurses to keep up-to-date with the new developments in the important field of medical retina.

Fluorescein and Indocyanine green angiography, including the imaging of fundus autofluorescence, has been significantly improved in the last few years. The use of confocal laser technology in particular has been the most significant impro- ment: the technology is digital, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography are seen in real time and can be used simultaneously. The clinical findings have been expanded with the addition of infrared, red-free and autofluorescence - aging. The foundations for the new fluorescence angiography atlas of Professor S. Dithmar, Heidelberg and Professor F. Holz (previously of Heidelberg) are fi- ings that have been gathered at the Heidelberg University Department of O- thalmology with the Heidelberg Angiograph 2 (HRA 2, Heidelberg Engineering. This work documents the authors' successful collaboration with the Heidelberg Engineering firm. This atlas clearly explains the technical fundamentals of fluorescence angi- raphy and the imaging of pathological fluorescence phenomena. A full chapter is devoted to fundus autofluorescence, particularly with regard to pathological fi- ings in the retinal pigment epithelium. Naturally, diseases of the macula are given particular attention, especially to age-related macular degeneration and the use of Anti-VEGF therapy. The wide spectrum of macular disorders has been expanded with attention given to retinal vascular disease, inflammatory, retinal and chor- dal diseases, disorders of the optic nerve, and the typical findings of intraocular tumors, including choroidal melanomas, choroidal metastases and choroidal hemangiomas.

This lavishly illustrated unique atlas provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of FAF imaging in retinal diseases. It also compares FAF findings with other imaging techniques such as fundus photograph, fluorescein- and ICG angiography as well as optical coherence tomography.

General ophthalmologists as well as retina specialists will find this a very useful guide which illustrates typical FAF characteristics of various retinal diseases.

1 The physical and chemical fundamentals of fluorescence angiography 2 The technical fundamentals of fluorescein angiography 3 Normal Fluorescence Angiography and General Pathological Fluorescence Phenomena 4 Fundus Autofluorescence 5 Macular Disorders 6 Retinal Vascular Disease 7 Inflammatory Retinal/Choroidal Disease 8 Optic Neuropathies 9 Intraocular Tumors