This book focuses on the development and use of interoperability standards related to healthcare information technology (HIT) and provides in-depth discussion of the associated essential aspects. The book explains the principles of conformance, examining how to improve the content of healthcare data exchange standards (including HL7 v2.x, V3/CDA, FHIR, CTS2, DICOM, EDIFACT, and ebXML), the rigor of conformance testing, and the interoperability capabilities of healthcare applications for the benefit of healthcare professionals who use HIT, developers of HIT applications, and healthcare consumers who aspire to be recipients of safe and effective health services facilitated through meaningful use of well-designed HIT. Readers will understand the common terms interoperability, conformance, compliance and compatibility, and be prepared to design and implement their own complex interoperable healthcare information system. Chapters address the practical aspects of the subject matter to enable application of previously theoretical concepts. The book provides real-world, concrete examples to explain how to apply the information, and includes many diagrams to illustrate relationships of entities and concepts described in the text. Designed for professionals and practitioners, this book is appropriate for implementers and developers of HIT, technical staff of information technology vendors participating in the development of standards and profiling initiatives, informatics professionals who design conformance testing tools, staff of information technology departments in healthcare institutions, and experts involved in standards development. Healthcare providers and leadership of provider organizations seeking a better understanding of conformance, interoperability, and IT certification processes will benefit from this book, as will students studying healthcare information technology.

This book focuses on the development and use of interoperability standards related to healthcare information technology (HIT) and provides in-depth discussion of the associated essential aspects. The book explains the principles of conformance, examining how to improve the content of healthcare data exchange standards (including HL7 v2.x, V3/CDA, FHIR, CTS2, DICOM, EDIFACT, and ebXML), the rigor of conformance testing, and the interoperability capabilities of healthcare applications for the benefit of healthcare professionals who use HIT, developers of HIT applications, and healthcare consumers who aspire to be recipients of safe and effective health services facilitated through meaningful use of well-designed HIT. Readers will understand the common terms interoperability, conformance, compliance and compatibility, and be prepared to design and implement their own complex interoperable healthcare information system. Chapters address the practical aspects of the subject matter to enable application of previously theoretical concepts. The book provides real-world, concrete examples to explain how to apply the information, and includes many diagrams to illustrate relationships of entities and concepts described in the text. Designed for professionals and practitioners, this book is appropriate for implementers and developers of HIT, technical staff of information technology vendors participating in the development of standards and profiling initiatives, informatics professionals who design conformance testing tools, staff of information technology departments in healthcare institutions, and experts involved in standards development. Healthcare providers and leadership of provider organizations seeking a better understanding of conformance, interoperability, and IT certification processes will benefit from this book, as will students studying healthcare information technology.

1.1 "State of the Art" Textverarbeitungsprogramme unterliegen wie jedes andere Softwarepaket auch einem stetigen Entwicklungsprozess. Die allerersten Programme benotigten dabei einen Hauptspeicher von nicht einmal 64KB, der heute bei Programmen in der 5. oder aber auch schon 6. Version auf 640KB angewachsen ist. Mit der Programm grosse ist aber auch die Funktionalitat angewachsen. Die Programme zum Verarbeiten der Texte mussen heute in drei grosse Klassen unterteilt werden. Fruher waren es nur die Texteditoren und die Textverarbeitungs programme, heute kommen jedoch auch sogenannte DTP-Programme hinzu, die nach dem WYSIWYG-Prinzip arbeiten. 1 Die in diesem Buch beschriebenen Ergebnisse stammen aus einer Studie, die im Auftrag der TA Triumph-Adler AG, Nurnberg, durchgefuhrt worden ist, und sollen die Moglichkeiten aufzeigen, die fur die weitere Entwicklung von Textverarbeitungs-und DTP -Programmen in den Bereichen des Schriftsatzes und der Typographie bestehen. 8 1 Einfuhrung strukturelle Aufteilung fruher: Zweiteilung heute: Dreiteilung Desktop-Publishing Texteditoren Textverarbeitungsprogramme Abb. 1.1: Strukturelle Auf teilung der Programme Bei den Texteditoren handelt es sich um Programme, die ASCII-Texte verarbeiten, d.h., sie konnen keine spezifischen Steuerzeichen lesen bzw. zuruckschreiben. Die Texte bestehen aus einer Abfolge von Zeilen, die hauptsachlich die ublichen druckbaren Zeichen und Tabulatoren enthalten. Diese Texte dienen fast aus schliesslich dazu, Programmtexte zu erfassen und anschliessend von Compilern ubersetzen zu lassen."