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Text extracted from opening pages of book: Being a description of sundry fortresses, / outers, peels*; J>. O er Bouses 0} strength i> mli by the p/ mces and barons / ~ old Ime m / Ac highlands* hlands, Inlands? and borders oj A ancient and godfearing kingdom of Scotland By FRANK ROY FRAPRIE r of / Imong Bavarian Inm BOSTON * THE PAGE COMPANY & PUBLISHERS ( K ! fvr Copyright, 1907 BY L. C. PAGE & COMPANY Entered at Stationers' Hall, London All rights reserved Fifth Impression, June, 1932 MADE IN U. S. A. PRINTED BY THE COLONIAL PRESS, INC. CLINTON, MASS., U S. A. Co WHO, BT THE LIGHT EN IN a OF MY BURDENS, HAS MADE THIS BOOK POSSIBLE. Preface IN these pages I have tried to bring to gether some of the history and romance which attaches to the more important castles of Scot land, and to tell enough of their architectural peculiarities to enable the visitor to understand what he is viewing. In none of these respects is it to be hoped, at this late day, that new facts of importance could be brought forth. My task has been rather to furnish a conve nient collection of facts hitherto to be found only by much reading of books often not easily accessible, adding thereto my own opinions and' experiences where they seemed novel or inter esting. The book, though the outcome of three trips to Scotland, the last of which was undertaken solely to collect material for it, is less a record of travel than a companion and guide for it. It is, as the only handbook on the subject, , a necessity for the visitor to the castles who would know the truth about them. The so vii viii Preface called facts dispensed by local guides are in most instances erroneous, and have not been used in this volume, wherehistorical references are taken from more authoritative sources. I dare not assume, however, that entire accuracy has been attained in the transcription of the thousands of names and dates mentioned, even when a choice had not to be made between con flicting spellings and figures, elsewhere given. It would be impossible to enumerate the sources of historical information. In many in stances, they are named in the text, but to men tion all would be to include most of what has been written on Scotch history. Architectur ally, I am greatly indebted to the monumental work of MacGibbon and Ross, Domestic and Castellated Architecture of Scotland. Their theory of native development as opposed to Billings' hypothesis of French origin I have adopted and expounded. In a few instances of minor castles which I have not personally visited, my account is based upon their meas urements. I have been asked what castles should first be seen by the average visitor to Scotland. Edinburgh and Stirling, I assume, will be in cluded in every itinerary, but they are citadels and palaces rattier than castles. For a single Preface is castle which will give the most satisfactory idea of Scotch feudal life, I would select Doune, which is easily included in the Tros sachs trip taken by almost every visitor to Scot land. Others easily reached and well worth see ing are, for beauty of situation, Bothwell, Kil churn, Castle Campbell; for historic interests Lochleven, Dunnottar, Craigmillar, Hermi tage, Lochmaben; for romantic story, Tantal-Ion and Tillietudlem. These would perhaps be enough to satisfy the average traveller. The specialist could make out a more extensive list after reading the following pages. ContentsCHAPTER I. DEVELOPMENT AND STYLES OF THE CASTLES OF SCOTLAND 1 II. CASTLES NEAR GLASGOW ..... 26 HI. THE CASTLES OF ARGYLLSHIRE ... 46 IV. THE CASTLES OF NORTHWESTERN SCOTLAND . 72 V. THE NORTHEASTERN HIGHLANDS ... 96 VI. THE SOUTHEASTERN HIGHLANDS . . . 110 VII. THE SHIRES OF STIRLING AND PERTH . .131 VIII. FIFE AND VICINITY 160 IX. EDINBURGH CASTLE .., ., . 192 X. EDINBURGH CASTLE ( Continued) . . * 222 XL THE CASTLES OF EDINBURGHSHIRE . . . 240 XII. CASTLES OF EAST LOTHIAN .... 276 XIII. CASTLES OF EAST LOTHIAN ( Continued) . . 309 XIV. CASTLES OF THE BORDER ....