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In this pioneering new work, based on a thorough re-reading of
primary sources and new research in the Austrian State Archives,
Franz Szabo presents a fascinating reassessment of the continental
war. Professor Szabo challenges the well-established myth that the
Seven Years War was won through the military skill and tenacity of
the King of Prussia, often styled Frederick "the Great". Instead he
argues that Prussia did not win, but merely survived the Seven
Years War and did so despite and not because of the actions and
decisions of its king. With balanced attention to all the major
participants and to all conflict zones on the European continent,
the book describes the strategies and tactics of the military
leaders on all sides, analyzes the major battles of the war and
illuminates the diplomatic, political and financial aspects of the
conflict.
The period of the baroque (late sixteenth to mid-eighteenth
centuries) saw extensive reconfiguration of European cities and
their public spaces. Yet, this transformation cannot be limited
merely to signifying a style of art, architecture, and decor.
Rather, the dynamism, emotionality, and potential for grandeur that
were inherent in the baroque style developed in close interaction
with the need and desire of post-Reformation Europeans to find
visual expression for the new political, confessional, and societal
realities. Highly illustrated, this volume examines these complex
interrelationships among architecture and art, power, religion, and
society from a wide range of viewpoints and localities. From Krakow
to Madrid and from Naples to Dresden, cities were reconfigured
visually as well as politically and socially. Power, in both its
political and architectural guises, had to be negotiated among
constituents ranging from monarchs and high churchmen to ordinary
citizens. Within this process, both rulers and ruled were
transformed: Europe left behind the last vestiges of the medieval
and arrived on the threshold of the modern.
In this pioneering new work, based on a thorough re-reading of
primary sources and new research in the Austrian State Archives,
Franz Szabo presents a fascinating reassessment of the continental
war. Professor Szabo challenges the well-established myth that the
Seven Years War was won through the military skill and tenacity of
the King of Prussia, often styled Frederick the Great. Instead he
argues that Prussia did not win, but merely survived the Seven
Years War and did so despite and not because of the actions and
decisions of its king. With balanced attention to all the major
participants and to all conflict zones on the European continent,
the book describes the strategies and tactics of the military
leaders on all sides, analyzes the major battles of the war and
illuminates the diplomatic, political and financial aspects of the
conflict.
Early modern Central Europe was the continent's most decentralized
region politically and its most diverse ethnically and culturally.
With the onset of the Reformation, it also became Europe's most
religiously divided territory and potentially its most explosive in
terms of confessional conflict and war. Focusing on the Holy Roman
Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, this volume examines
the tremendous challenge of managing confessional diversity in
Central Europe between 1500 and 1800. Addressing issues of
tolerance, intolerance, and ecumenism, each chapter explores a
facet of the complex dynamic between the state and the region's
Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Utraquist, and Jewish communities.
The development of religious toleration-one of the most debated
questions of the early modern period-is examined here afresh, with
careful consideration of the factors and conditions that led to
both confessional concord and religious violence.
The University of Alberta Libraries houses one of the most
outstanding collections of Austrian, Habsburg and Central European
materials in North America. This unique strength has at its heart
the acquisition of two major Austrian collections: the famous
"Priesterseminar" library of the Archbishop of Salzburg, purchased
in 1965, and the library of Viennese Juridisch-Politische
Leseverin, purchased in 1969. The Salzburg Collection, one of the
most important collections in Canada for Central European law
studies, consists of the original law collection of the Seminary
library of the Archbishop of Salzburg. The Priesterseminar Library
has its origins in the Roman Catholic Ecumenical Council of Trent
(1545-1563), at which the Catholic Church affirmed and clearly
defined its dogmas in the face of the Protestant challenge. This
catalogue, published to accompany a 2008 exhibit at the University
of Alberta's Bruce Peel Special Collections Library, provides a
glimpse into the riches of these two collections.
This volume provides an historical overview of the relationship
between Germany, German speakers, and successive waves of German
colonists with their eastern neighbors over the period from the
Middle Ages to the present. The collection of essays by 28 leading
experts includes the most recent scholarship together with fresh
perspectives on the subject. The problems and issues raised in this
volume come as a result of different understandings of ""German""
and ""Germany"" from the Germanic tribes and German
""stem-duchies"" of the Middle Ages to the highly decentralized and
multi-ethnic Holy Roman Empire of late medieval and early modern
times and the German Confederation of the 1815-1866 period to the
various forms of the German state from 1871 to the present. The
relationship of German-speakers to their eastern non-German
speaking neighbors, as well as that of ""Germany"" both to those
neighbors and to German-speakers living beyond the borders of the
modern German state are covered. In addition, some attention is
given to the German perception of the ""East"" during this
unfolding relationship. The Germans and the East is divided into
five sections. The first section covers the medieval period which
saw the first German colonial expansion eastward. The second
section, devoted to the early modern period, reviews the role of
German speakers in the development policies of enlightened
absolutism. The third section looks at the problem during the age
of emerging nationalism in the ""long"" nineteenth century from
1789 to 1914. The fourth and longest section covers the era of the
two World Wars, including their aftermaths, which saw the expulsion
of German-speakers from Eastern Europe. The final section addresses
the relationship of Germany and Austria and their eastern neighbors
from the Cold War to the new era of European integration.
This is the first major archivally based study of the political
career of Wenzel Anton Kaunitz, State Chancellor of the Habsburg
Monarchy from 1753 to 1792. Author of the diplomatic revolution of
1756 and brilliant foreign minister of the Austrian Empire, Kaunitz
was also the most important statesman in the development of
enlightened absolutism in central Europe. Virtually the third head
of state under Maria Theresia and Joseph II, he was the driving
force behind the many reforms which sought to modernise the
monarchy. Using Kaunitz as a focus, the author explores the dynamic
of the development of enlightened absolutism in the Habsburg Empire
through its most influential proponent and spokesman. Enlightened
absolutism in the Habsburg Monarchy produced some of the boldest
innovations in eighteenth-century Europe, and this book analyses
the full complexity of the decision-making process.
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