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This book looks at the question of what makes for successful change
in developing countries. It focuses on people at every level in six
developing countries in Africa and Asia who have helped foster
positive change and development, most of which has been successful.
Here, in contrast to so much academic writing on development which
focuses on leadership alone, the author tries to get beyond that
elite focus and highlight the people at all levels who make change
possible. He examines the role and significance of these ordinary
citizens and groups as well as leaders. Transformation almost
always requires action and support at multiple levels from
individuals, communities, and local leaders. The project analyses
the cases of Afghanistan, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Ghana,
Pakistan, and South Africa.
The electoral process has been an integral part of the political
landscape of independent Africa for more than a quarter-century and
has roots going back to traditional African societies. An
examination of the independence period demonstrates the rich
diversity of forms, experiences, and meanings of elections in
Africa. For some observers, elections are a clear example of
multiple failures in Africa-the failure of democracy and
institutional transfer and the breakdown of much of the African
political process in general. The authors of this book argue that
elections in Africa have played a much more significant role than
has commonly been recognized; that in spite of problems, elections
are an important part of African contemporary political life. It
has been too easy to dismiss elections in Africa as irrelevant
because there are fewer today than there were two decades ago or
because they have frequently failed to conform to democratic norms.
However, in a period in which the primary trends of government are
toward exclusion, African elections provide one of the few
instruments of political action open to civil society. This study
of the electoral process suggests a number of themes and
conclusions about the relationship of the electoral process to
state power and institutions, elite competition, mass
participation, legitimacy and its limits, ethnic conflict,
mobilization, party competition, authoritarian regimes, the growing
incidence of electoral violence, and mass support for democratic
values. Fred M. Hayward's substantive introduction discusses the
electoral process in general. Eight case studies of key African
countries then illustrate the varied meanings and implications of
elections in independent Africa, and in the final chapter Hayward
draws conclusions about the role and impact of elections. It is
clear that although electoral processes have demonstrated a certain
fragility, both the form and the process have shown remarkable
resilience. This book suggests
This book looks at the question of what makes for successful change
in developing countries. It focuses on people at every level in six
developing countries in Africa and Asia who have helped foster
positive change and development, most of which has been successful.
Here, in contrast to so much academic writing on development which
focuses on leadership alone, the author tries to get beyond that
elite focus and highlight the people at all levels who make change
possible. He examines the role and significance of these ordinary
citizens and groups as well as leaders. Transformation almost
always requires action and support at multiple levels from
individuals, communities, and local leaders. The project analyses
the cases of Afghanistan, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Ghana,
Pakistan, and South Africa.
This book examines elections in eight African states: Botswana,
Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Zaire.
It illustrates the varied meanings and implications of elections in
independent Africa and discusses the role and impact of elections.
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