The GermgfOs in the Making c America by Frederick Franklin Schrader 1924 THE STRATFORD CO., Publishers BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS How many of these same descendants know that to this people belong, by ancestry more or less re mote, some of the first scientific men of America, such as the Miihlenbergs, Melsheimer, the father of American entomology Leidy and Gross, the great surgeon Herkimer, the hero of Oriskany Molly Pitcher, the heroine of Momnouth Post the Indian missionary, to whom Parkman himself pays a noble tribute Heckewalder, the Moravian lexicographer of the speech of the Delawares Armistead, the defender of Fort McHenry in the war of 1812, - whose flag, still there, inspired the Star Spangled Banner Barbara Frietchie, and Gen eral Custer Surely, this people merit that some slight account be drawn from the mostly unknown books and documents where they have for years reposed, known only to the antiquarians and often veiled from English readers by the German lan guage, in which many of the best and most valuable are written, and given to the English-speaking world of America. LUCY FORNEY BITTINXSER., The Ger mans in Colonial Times, 1901. CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I Early German Immigration Germans in the Jamestown Settlement Massachusetts Bay Colony 33 CHAPTER II Two German Governors of New York, Peter Min newit and Jacob Leisler The Palatine Immi gration Various Appraisals of its Importance 48 CHAPTER III Germans in New York Sent to the Hudson by Queen Anne Their Treatment by Governor Hunter A Desperate Situation The Exodus Indian Friends--Palatine Worthies Weiser, Zenger, Herkimer 58 CHAPTER IV The Germans in Pennsylvania Misjudged by Franklin Ignorance was General and not Con fined tothe Germans Their Number Their Industry Praised by Foreigners The Royal Americans .82 CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER V The Germans and the Revolutionary Movement in Pennsylvania Together with the Irish the De terminating Factor in Separation from England Political Evolution The Franchise . . 99 CHAPTER VI The Germans in the Revolution The Advance Guard Prominent Soldiers Von Steuben, Muhlenberg, Herkimer The Battle of Oris kany and its Bearings on the Result . . . 115 CHAPTER VII The Germans Penetrate into the South and West and Attempt Settlements in Maine and Massa chusetts The German Coast of Louisiana A Texan Tragedy Bordermen and Pathfinders Conrad Weiser 142 CHAPTER VIII Development of the American National Character Influence of the Germans and Irish Stephen A. Douglas and the Nebraska Bill Campaigns of 1854-36 Lincoln and the Germans 1860 . 179 CHAPTER IX The Civil War Number of Germans in the Union Army Their Interest in the Cause Fifty-two German-born Generals Successes and Failures Germans Save Missouri Schurz and Lieber German Unioir Men in the South . . 196 CONTENTS CHAPTER X Intellectual Contributions in Literature, Art, Science, and Education Captains of Industry Astor and Sutter Carl Follens Influence William Wirt and Gustave Memminger Generals Armistead, Quitman, Custer Molly Pitcher 229 Bibliography 259 THE RACIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNITED STATES By EDW. F. McSwEENEY, LL. D. In a general way, the Racial Contribution Series in the Knights of Columbus historical program is intended as a much needed and important contribution to national solidarity. The various studies are treated by able writ ers, citizens of the United States, each being in full sympathy with the achievementsin this country of the racial group of whom he treats. The standard of the writers is the only one that will justify historical writing the truth. No censorship has been exercised. No subject now actively before the people of the United States has been more written on, and less understood, than alien immigration. Until 1819, there were no official sta tistics of immigration of any sort the so-called census of 1790 was simply a report of the several states of their male white population under and over 16 years of age, all white females, slaves, and others...