The development of the internationally standardized language ALGOL has made it possible to prepare procedures which can be used without modification whenever a computer with an ALGOL translator is available. Volume Ia in this series gave details of the restricted version of ALGOL which is to be employed throughout the Handbook, and volume Ib described its implementation on a computer. Each of the subsequent volumes will be devoted to a presentation of the basic algorithms in some specific areas of numerical analysis. This is the first such volume and it was feIt that the topic Linear Algebra was a natural choice, since the relevant algorithms are perhaps the most widely used in numerical analysis and have the advantage of forming a weil defined dass. The algorithms described here fall into two main categories, associated with the solution of linear systems and the algebraic eigenvalue problem respectively and each set is preceded by an introductory chapter giving a comparative assessment.

For some years, specification of software and hardware systems has been influenced not only by algebraic methods but also by new developments in logic. These new developments in logic are partly based on the use of algorithmic techniques in deduction and proving methods, but are alsodue to new theoretical advances, to a great extent stimulated by computer science, which have led to new types of logic and new logical calculi. The new techniques, methods and tools from logic, combined with algebra-based ones, offer very powerful and useful tools for the computer scientist, which may soon become practical for commercial use, where, in particular, more powerful specification tools are needed for concurrent and distributed systems. This volume contains papers based on lectures by leading researchers which were originally given at an international summer school held in Marktoberdorf in 1991. The papers aim to give a foundation for combining logic and algebra for the purposes of specification under the aspects of automated deduction, proving techniques, concurrency and logic, abstract data types and operational semantics, and constructive methods.

Problem oriented programming languages as they have developed over the last ten years essentially serve two purposes which somewhat crudely can be described by the terms man-man communication and man-machine communication, respectively. As a carrier of information between humans, the problem oriented programming language is designed to express the essence of an algorithm in a way which is un ambiguous and concise as well as independent of (and therefore meaning ful without any reference to) the changing details of computing machine ry. As a carrier of information from man to computer, the language permits the human programmer to express his computational needs in a compact way adapted to the general characteristics of computers, but freed from the burdening details of specific computer facilities. This presupposes the existence of algorithms, or programs, which permit the computer itself to transform efficiently programs written in the problem oriented language into machine programs. Thus the entire computing community profits from the work of the individual programmer. The primary purpose of the Handbook is to present a set of algorithms of broad utility from the domain of numerical mathematics written in the problem oriented language ALGOL 60. Therefore, volumes I a and I b are in a sense supplementary as they serve to introduce this language. Volume I a gives a description of the language proper and of its use for writing correct programs. Thus, volume I a primarily covers the aspect of man-man communication by means of ALGOL 60.

Automatic computing has undergone drastic changes since the pioneering days of the early Fifties, one of the most obvious being that today the majority of computer programs are no longer written in machine code but in some programming language like FORTRAN or ALGOL. However, as desirable as the time-saving achieved in this way may be, still a high proportion of the preparatory work must be attributed to activities such as error estimates, stability investigations and the like, and for these no programming aid whatsoever can be of help. In this respect, ALGOL, as an internationally standardized notation which avoids computer-oriented concepts, provides another advantage, not often mentioned, but one which was already the guiding principle at the very beginning of the programming language venture: indeed, a correct ALGOL program is the abstractum of a computing process for which the necessary analyses have already been performed. It is the very purpose of this Handbook to establish such abstract formulations of certain computing processes. Therefore, numerical methods given in this Hand book in the form of ALGOL procedures may be put to immediate use wherever ALGOL is known and understood; in fact, application of such a method reduces to little more than calling the corresponding procedure."

The Marktoberdorf Summer Schools on Informatics were started in 1970, with the intention to convene every second or third year a group of top researchers in computing, devoted to preach their most recent results to an elite of advanced students - young and most promising people - and prepared to stand their questions, criticism and suggestions. The themes of these Advanced Study In stitutes under the sponsorship of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division varied slightly over the years, oscillating more or less around Programming Methodo logy, as the following list shows: 1970 Data Structures and Computer Systems 1971 Program Structures and Fundamental Concepts of Programming 1973 Structured Programming and Programmed Structures 1975 Language Hierarchies and Interfaces 1978 Program Construction 1981 Theoretical Foundations of Programming Methodology 1984 Control Flow and Data Flow: Concepts of Distributed Programming 1986 Logic of Programming and Calculi of Discrete Design 1988 Constructive Methods in Computing Science 1989 Logic, Algebra, and Computation Logic, Algebra, and Computation is the theme of the summer school to which this volume is devoted. It is the tenth in succession, but it is also the first in a new series (the "blue" series) that is intended to alternate in future with the traditional (the "red" series) arrangement; in fact the tenth summer school in the "red" series with the title "Programming and Mathematical Method" , held in 1990, was the subject of celebrating both its serial number and the twenty years of Marktoberdorf Summer Schools altogether.

In today's extensively wired world, cryptology is vital for guarding communication channels, databases, and software from intruders. Increased processing and communications speed, rapidly broadening access and multiplying storage capacity tend to make systems less secure over time, and security becomes a race against the relentless creativity of the unscrupulous. The revised and extended third edition of this classic reference work on cryptology offers a wealth of new technical and biographical details. The book presupposes only elementary mathematical knowledge. Spiced with exciting, amusing, and sometimes personal accounts from the history of cryptology, it will interest general a broad readership.

The Heinz Nixdorf Museum Forum (HNF) is the world's largest c- puter museum and is dedicated to portraying the past, present and future of information technology. In the "Year of Informatics 2006" the HNF was particularly keen to examine the history of this still quite young discipline. The short-lived nature of information technologies means that individuals, inventions, devices, institutes and companies"age" more rapidly than in many other specialties. And in the nature of things the group of computer pioneers from the early days is growing smaller all the time. To supplement a planned new exhibit on "Software and Inform- ics" at the HNF, the idea arose of recording the history of informatics in an accompanying publication. Mysearchforsuitablesourcesandauthorsveryquickly cameupwith the right answer, the very rst name in Germany: Friedrich L. Bauer, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the TU in Munich, one of the - thers of informatics in Germany and for decades the indefatigable author of the"Historical Notes" column of the journal Informatik Spektrum. Friedrich L. Bauer was already the author of two works on the history of informatics, published in different decades and in different books. Both of them are notable for their knowledgeable, extremely comp- hensive and yet compact style. My obvious course was to motivate this author to amalgamate, supplement and illustrate his previous work.

In today's unsafe and increasingly wired world cryptology plays a vital role in protecting communication channels, databases, and software from unwanted intruders. This revised and extended third edition of the classic reference work on cryptology now contains many new technical and biographical details. The first part treats secret codes and their uses - cryptography. The second part deals with the process of covertly decrypting a secret code - cryptanalysis, where particular advice on assessing methods is given. The book presupposes only elementary mathematical knowledge. Spiced with a wealth of exciting, amusing, and sometimes personal stories from the history of cryptology, it will also interest general readers.

For some years, specification of software and hardware systems has been influenced not only by algebraic methods but also by new developments in logic. These new developments in logic are partly based on the use of algorithmic techniques in deduction and proving methods, but are alsodue to new theoretical advances, to a great extent stimulated by computer science, which have led to new types of logic and new logical calculi. The new techniques, methods and tools from logic, combined with algebra-based ones, offer very powerful and useful tools for the computer scientist, which may soon become practical for commercial use, where, in particular, more powerful specification tools are needed for concurrent and distributed systems. This volume contains papers based on lectures by leading researchers which were originally given at an international summer school held in Marktoberdorf in 1991. The papers aim to give a foundation for combining logic and algebra for the purposes of specification under the aspects of automated deduction, proving techniques, concurrency and logic, abstract data types and operational semantics, and constructive methods.

The Heinz Nixdorf Museum Forum (HNF) is the world's largest c- puter museum and is dedicated to portraying the past, present and future of information technology. In the "Year of Informatics 2006" the HNF was particularly keen to examine the history of this still quite young discipline. The short-lived nature of information technologies means that individuals, inventions, devices, institutes and companies"age" more rapidly than in many other specialties. And in the nature of things the group of computer pioneers from the early days is growing smaller all the time. To supplement a planned new exhibit on "Software and Inform- ics" at the HNF, the idea arose of recording the history of informatics in an accompanying publication. Mysearchforsuitablesourcesandauthorsveryquickly cameupwith the right answer, the very rst name in Germany: Friedrich L. Bauer, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the TU in Munich, one of the - thers of informatics in Germany and for decades the indefatigable author of the"Historical Notes" column of the journal Informatik Spektrum. Friedrich L. Bauer was already the author of two works on the history of informatics, published in different decades and in different books. Both of them are notable for their knowledgeable, extremely comp- hensive and yet compact style. My obvious course was to motivate this author to amalgamate, supplement and illustrate his previous work.

Die Kryptologie, eine jahrtausendealte "Geheimwissenschaft," gewinnt zusehends praktische Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Schutz von Kommunikationswegen, Datenbanken und Software. Neben ihrer Nutzung in rechnergestutzten offentlichen Nachrichtensystemen ("offentliche Schlussel") treten zusehends rechnerinterne Anwendungen, die sich auch auf Zugriffsberechtigungen und den Quellenschutz von Software erstrecken.
Der erste Teil des Buches handelt in elf Kapiteln von den Geheimschriften und ihrem Gebrauch - von der Kryptographie. Im zweiten Teil wird in elf weiteren Kapiteln das Vorgehen zum unbefugten Entziffern einer Geheimschrift - die Kryptanalyse - besprochen, wobei sich insbesondere Hinweise fur die Verfahrensbeurteilung ergeben.
Das Buch setzt nur elementare mathematische Kenntnisse voraus. Mit einer Fulle spannender, lustiger und bisweilen anzuglicher Geschichten aus der historischen Kryptologie gewurzt, ist es auch fur den Laien reizvoll zu lesen."

Der erste funktionsfahige Computer wurde von Konrad Zuse gebaut. Er war 1941 betriebsbereit. Der Erfinder dieser ersten vollautomatischen, programmgesteuerten, frei programmierbaren, in binarer Gleitpunktzahlrechnung arbeitenden Rechenanlage ware am 22. Juni 2010 hundert Jahre alt geworden. In diesem Buch erzahlt er die Geschichte seines Lebens, das wie kaum ein anderes mit der Geschichte der bedeutendsten technischen Entwicklung seines Jahrhunderts verbunden ist - einer Entwicklung, die mit der "Abneigung" des Bauingenieurstudenten Zuse gegen die statischen Rechnungen begonnen hat... "Von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite ist diese Autobiographie eine faszinierende Lekture, weil aus jeder Zeile das personliche Erleben des Autors spricht. Diese Unmittelbarkeit macht Buch und Autor sympathisch." (ntz Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift) ..".Fur entspannende und erholsame Stunden, informativ und allgemeinbildend, eigentlich genau das, was im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema Computer sehr oft gefragt und verlangt wird... Unser Tipp: Sehr empfehlenswert (PASCAL)"

Die Informatik selbst ist eine junge Wissenschaft, ihre Wurzeln aber reichen weit in die Vergangenheit zuruck. Der Autor zeigt dies auf unterhaltsame Weise und gleichzeitig mit mathematischer Strenge anhand zahlreicher Facetten aus der Geschichte der Informatik. Die Beitrage sind uber viele Jahre in der Zeitschrift Informatik Spektrum erschienen und erscheinen nun erstmals gesammelt als Buch."

Informatik. Eine einfuhrende Ubersicht hat sich als Standardwerk fur das Studium der Informatik bewahrt. Der vorliegende zweite Teil steht unter dem Leitgedanken "Strukturen," der das Grundthema "Algorithmen" des ersten Teils erganzt. Zunachst werden Programmstrukturen und Datenstrukturen einschliesslich der Techniken ihrer Implementierung behandelt. Sodann werden formale (Sprach-)Systeme, die zur Beschreibung solcher Strukturen dienen, auf relationentheoretischer Grundlage dargestellt. Ein weiteres Kapitel behandelt die Formalisierung der Syntax und der Semantik algorithmischer Sprachen, mit einem Abschnitt uber abstrakte Datentypen. Den Abschluss bilden die Anhange "Korrespondenzen und Funktionen," "Datenendgerate" und "Zur Geschichte der Informatik" sowie Syntaxdiagramme fur die ALGOL 68- und die PASCAL-Notation, die im Buch verwendet werden."

Dieses Buch uber elementare Aussagenlogik (wie auch seine geplante Fortsetzung uber Elementare Pradikatenlogik und Universelle Algebra) ist aus Vorlesungen an der Technischen Universitat Munchen entstanden. Es basiert auf der Uberzeugung, dass fur Studierende der Informatik nicht nur ein anderer Aufbau des mathematischen Grundstudiums geboten ist als etwa fur Ingenieure oder Physiker, sondern auch ein anderes Menu, als es sich an unseren Universitaten nach den GAMM-NTG-Empfehlungen der siebziger Jahre eingeburgert hat. Neben den unentbehrlichen Einfuhrungsvorlesungen in Mathematik sind fur die Informatiker vor dem Vordiplom handwerkliche Grundkenntnisse in Logik und Universeller Algebra erforderlich - als Grundlage fur die Praktische und die Theoretische Informatik im zweiten Studienabschnitt. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Buchern uber Logik ist dieses fur den Anfanger der Informatik geschrieben und didaktisch auf sein Niveau eingestellt. Dabei sind sonst eher ausserhalb der Aussagenlogik liegende Gegenstande wie die Schaltlogik systematisch einbezogen worden, wo immer es moglich war: von dem fur die Programmiersprachen so wichtigen Gebiet der dyadischen Fallunterscheidungen uber die Resolventenmethode, die den Anschluss an die Pradikatenlogik vorbereitet, bis zu modalen Aussagenlogiken. Die eingestreuten Ubungsaufgaben greifen haufig Gedanken auf, die im Text nur nebenbei erwahnt sind, und stellen Querbezuge her. Die Losungshinweise am Ende des Buches bieten manche Uberraschungen.

L 'INFORMA TIQVE: Science de traitement rationnel, notamment par machines automatiques, de I'information consideree comme Ie support des connaissan- ces humaines et des communications, dans les domaines techniques, economiques et so- cials (Academie Franraise) Ober 50 Jahre sind vergangen, seit die Entwicklung der modernen computer begann - in Deutschland durch KONRAD ZUSE im Jahre 1934. Die Fortschritte der Technik seit den filnfziger Jahren, als die ersten kommerziell gefertigten Rechenanlagen verfilgbar wurden, sind eindrucksvoll: Einer standigen Steige- rung der Geschwindigkeit und des Speicherumfangs steht ein Rilckgang der Anschaffungs- und Betriebskosten gegenilber. Glaubte man 1956, von der da- mals groBten (amerikanischen) Anlage konnte aus finanziellen Grilnden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland filr wissenschaftliche Zwecke hochstens ein Ex- emplar angeschafft und betrieben werden - wozu ein ganzes Rechenzentrum eingerichtet werden sollte, so erfordert heute die gleiche Leistung vielleicht Zehntausend Mark, das Gerat hat auf einem Tisch im Arbeitszimmer Platz. Den Durchbruch brachte die Mikrominiaturisierung, die nach Amortisation der hohen Investitionskosten das einzelne Halbleiter-Plattchen (, Chip') filr den Preis einer besseren Gli. ihlampe herzustellen gestattet. Dies liegt natilrlich an den hohen absetzbaren Stilckzahlen, die ihrerseits von den niedrigen Stilck- preisen noch gilnstig beeinfluBt werden. Anders als Glilhlampen, konnen, ja milssen computer programmiert wer- den. Das schafft Arbeitsplatze. Ein ungeheurer, politisch und okonomisch noch nicht einmal ganz ilbersehbarer Wandel in unserer Welt greift Platz: In Industrienationen leben schon heute mehr als 1% der Bevolkerung direkt oder indirekt yom computer. computer sind Statussymbole geworden; die Offentliche Meinung verbindet mit ihnen die Vorstellungen, modern', fortschrittlich', unabdingbar'.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ESSENTIALS Volume I: The Engineering Fundamentals FOURTH EDITION A multi- text software engineering course or courses (based on the 2013 IEEE SWEBOK) for undergraduate and graduate university students A self-teaching IEEE CSDP/CADA certificate exam training course based on the Computer Society's CSDP exam specifications These software engineering books serves two separate but connected audiences and roles: 1.Software engineers who wish to study for and pass either or both of the IEEE Computer Society's software engineering certification exams. The Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) and is awarded to software engineers who have 5 to 7 years of software development experience and pass the CSDP exam. This certification was instituted in 2001 and establishes that the certificate holder is a competent software engineer in most areas of software engineering such as: Software project manager Software developer Software configuration manager Software quality-assurance expert Software test lead And so forth The other certificate is for recent software engineering graduates or self-taught software engineers and is designated Certified Software Development Associate (CDSA). The CSDA also requires passing an exam, but does not require any professional experience. 2.University students who are taking (or reading) a BS or MS degree in software engineering, or practicing software engineers who want to update their knowledge. This book was originally written as a guide to help software engineers take and pass the IEEE CSDP exam. However several reviewers commented that this book would also make a good university text book for a undergraduate or graduate course in software engineering. So the original books were modified to be applicable to both tasks. The SWEBOK (Software Engineering Body of Knowledge) is a major milestone in the development and publicity of software engineering technology. However it needs to be noted that SWEBOK was NOT developed as a software engineering tutorial or textbook. The SWEBOK is intended to catalog software engineering concepts, not teach them. The new, three-volume, fourth edition, Software Engineering Essentials, by Drs. Richard Hall Thayer and Merlin Dorfman attempts to fill this void. This new software engineering text expands on and replaces the earlier two-volume, third-edition, Software Engineering books which was also written by Thayer and Dorfman and published by the IEEE Computer Society Press 2006]. These new Volumes I and II offer a complete and detailed overview of software engineering as defined in IEEE SWEBOK 2013. These books provide a thorough analysis of software development in requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance, plus the supporting processes of configuration management, quality assurance, verification and validation, and reviews and audits. To keep up with evolution of the software industry (as expressed through evolution of the SWEBOK Guide, CSDP/CSDA, and the curriculum guidelines) a third volume in the Soft-ware Engineering series is needed. This third volume contains: Software Engineering Measurements Software Engineering Economics Computer Foundations Mathematics Foundations Engineering Foundations This three-volume, Software Engineering Essentials series, provides an overview snapshot of the software state of the practice in a form that is a lot easier to digest than the SWEBOK Guide. The three-volume set is also a valuable reference (useful well beyond undergraduate and graduate software engineering university programs) that provides a concise survey of the depth and breadth of software engineering. These new KAs exist so that software engineers can demonstrate a mastery of scientific technology and engineering. This is in answer to the criticism of software engineering that it does not contain enough engineering to qualify it as an engineering discipline.

Die Kryptologie, eine jahrtausendealte "Geheimwissenschaft," gewinnt zusehends praktische Bedeutung fur den Schutz von Kommunikationswegen, Datenbanken und Software. Neben ihre Nutzung in rechnergestutzten offentlichen Nachrichtensystemen ("public keys") treten mehr und mehr rechnerinterne Anwendungen, wie Zugriffsberechtigungen und der Quellenschutz von Software. - Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt die Geheimschriften und ihren Gebrauch - die Kryptographie. Dabei wird auch auf das aktuelle Thema "Kryptographie und Grundrechte des Burgers" eingegangen. Im zweiten Teil wird das Vorgehen zum unbefugten Entziffern einer Geheimschrift - die Kryptanalyse - besprochen, wobei insbesondere Hinweise zur Beurteilung der Verfahrenssicherheit gegeben werden. Mit der vorliegenden dritten Auflage wurde das Werk auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. - Das Buch setzt nur mathematische Grundkenntnisse voraus. Mit einer Fulle spannender, lustiger und bisweilen anzuglicher Geschichten aus der historischen Kryptologie gewurzt, ist es auch fur Laien reizvoll zu lesen."