The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the rise of the "Home Tour," with travelers drawn to Scotland, the less explored regions of England and North Wales, and, increasingly, to Ireland. Although an integral part of the United Kingdom from 1800, Ireland represented for many travellers a worryingly unknown entity, politically intractable and unstable, devoutly Catholic, and economically deprived. This book examines British responses to the "Sister Isle" throughout a period of significant cultural and historical change, and examines the varied means through which Ireland was represented for a predominantly British audience.

Travel Writing and Ireland, 1760-1860 examines a range of mainly British travel and travel-writing material from the period 1760 to 1860. Beginning with an analysis of the Home Tour and Ireland's function within it, the book then considers the role of the Post-Union traveller, followed by an analysis of the impressions formed by Famine writers; the book then concludes with an assessment of those who journeyed to Ireland in the immediate aftermath of Famine. Following a chronological structure, Travel Writing and Ireland, 1760-1860 offers readings of hitherto under-researched material from a significant period in Irish history.

Fire regimes-that is, patterns of fire occurrence, size, uniformity, and severity-have been a major force shaping landscape patterns and influencing productivity throughout North America for thousands of years. Faunal communities have evolved in the context of particular fire regimes and show patterns of response to fire itself and to the changes in vegetation composition and structure that follow fire. Animals' immediate responses to fire are influenced by fire season, intensity, severity, rate of spread, uniformity, and size. Responses may include injury, mortality, immigration, or emigration. Animals with limited mobility, such as young, are more vulnerable to injury and mortality than mature animals. The habitat changes caused by fire influence faunal populations and communities much more profoundly than fire itself. Fires often cause a short-term increase in productivity, availability, or nutrient content of forage and browse. Fires generally favor raptors by reducing hiding cover and exposing prey. Small carnivores respond to fire effects on small mammal populations (either positive or negative). Large carnivores and omnivores are opportunistic species with large home ranges. Their populations change little in response to fire, but they tend to thrive in areas where their preferred prey is most plentiful-often in recent burns. In forests and woodlands, understory fires generally alter habitat structure less than mixed severity and stand-replacement fires, and their effects on animal populations are correspondingly less dramatic. Stand-replacing fires reduce habitat quality for species that require dense cover and improve it for species that prefer open sites. Population explosions of wood-boring insects, an important food source for insect predators and insect-eating birds, can be associated with fire-killed trees. Woodpecker populations generally increase after mixed-severity and stand-replacement fire if snags are available for nesting. Secondary cavity nesters, both birds and mammals, take advantage of the nest sites prepared by primary excavators. Many animal-fire studies depict a reorganization of animal communities in response to fire, with increases in some species accompanied by decreases in others. Like fire effects on populations, fire effects on communities are related to the amount of structural change in vegetation. Bird abundance and diversity are likely to be greatest early in succession. When shrub or tree canopy closure occurs, species that prefer open sites and habitat edges decline and species that prefer mature structures increase. Major changes to fire regimes alter landscape patterns, processes, and functional linkages. These changes can affect animal habitat and often produce major changes in the composition of faunal communities. In many Western ecosystems, landscape changes due to fire exclusion have changed fuel quantities and arrangement, increasing the likelihood of large or severe fires, or both. Where fire exclusion has changed species composition and fuel arrays over large areas, subsequent fires without prior fuel modification are unlikely to restore presettlement vegetation and habitat. In many desert and semi desert habitats where fire historically burned infrequently because of sparse fuels, invasion of weedy species has changed the vegetation so that burns occur much more frequently. Many animals in these ecosystems are poorly adapted to avoid fire or use resources in postfire communities. Collaboration among managers, researchers, and the public is needed to address tradeoffs in fire management, and fire management must be better integrated with overall land management objectives to address the potential interactions of fire with other disturbances such as grazing, flood, wind throw, and insect and fungus infestations.

Parents and families, teachers and community leaders have a serious responsibility for the children God has placed in their care. Some children do OK without the influence of adults, but most don't. Instead, many of them are scarred without parental guidance and adult supervision. As a result they're rootless, struggling through a maze heading for a life of crime. Often they are friend-less and loners, rootless and hopeless, feeling dumb and worthless, with low self-esteem - a sure road to crime. From Rags. . .to Free Room and Board is the story about a young boy, abandoned by his biological father before birth, sexually abused by a pedophile in his teens, committed crimes along the way, an alcoholic early on as he wandered through a wilderness maze. Finally, he committed a horrendous murder triggered by an attempted homosexual attack, and is presently serving an indeterminate life sentence. Sad In his story one can feel prison life from the inside. At the age of 64, he has spent half his life in the California Prison System. Though one sees the path put him there, why is he still there after getting a parole that was withdrawn, and has had 17 denials by the Parole Boards since? The reader can see inside the judicial system regarding this, as well as: Can one ever pay for taking a life? Is his being locked up indefinitely the only way? Can anyone know if he can make it outside? Has his human rights been violated? Is rehabilitation possible? Have parole hearings verified whether Donn has been rehabilitated? Is he past due for release? Here are insights to these and many other questions. It is urgent that parents and teachers, churches and youth leaders, be concerned with a host of struggling youth in life's maze. Officials must re-examine incarceration and rehabilitation in light of vastly overcrowded prisons and huge escalating costs of keeping prisoners locked up.

As folks draw nearer to their life expectancy, they begin to reflect on the meaning of their lives. There were events painful to recall, goals missed, or goals just not set, but there are no "do-overs."

From the vantage point of a long life, an overview shows it has been a great adventure, which led to the far side of Africa for nearly 30 years. Some good and meaningful things happened. What? When? And, with what results? A new longing for adventure came into focus through the chronicling of nearly 80 his years.

A new challenge was born-to write it down for others to read, especially his own children and scattered friends. But would anyone really be interested? That in itself became the challenge to write, and a new thirst for adventure. But doubts flooded in: "Is my adventure of life good enough to write about? Who would want to read it?" Even when the process was begun, nagging doubts crept into the corner of the brain: "You can't write it. You'll never finish it?"

After starting in secret, the feeling of inferiority kept saying, "You'll never finish it." But he did, and bringing this adventure to a successful conclusion was a victory.

This fourth volume in a series focusing on 19th-century Ireland provides multi-disciplinary, as well as interdisciplinary, observations on how the concept of 'region' can be used to illuminate literature, travel writing, politics, legal studies, economic and social history, geography, and cartography.