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Proceedings of the EC Contractors' Meeting held in Brussels, 5-7
May 1982
Biomass pyrolysis has been practised for centuries in the
manufacture of charcoal for industry and leisure. Only in the last
two decades, however, has attention focussed on a better
understanding of the science and technology, with the resultant
benefits of better designed and controlled processes that give high
yields of liquid products. These liquids, or 'bio-oil' as it is
referred to, can be used in a variety of ways: -combustion to
replace conventional fuel oil in boilers, process equipment such as
kilns and in gas turbines for power generation; -upgrading by
hydrotreating or with zeolites to gasoline, diesel and other
hydrocarbon fuels, of chemicals; --extraction and upgrading to fuel
additives and chemical specialities. Any charcoal produced can also
be utilised to form char- water slurries, analogous to coal-water
slurries, or bioi-oil slurries which may be used as liquid fuels in
many combustion applications. A group of experts was set up in the
EC Energy from Biomass programme to evaluate the status and
opportunities for deriving useful liquid products from biomass
pyrolysis. This book is a report of their findings and conclusions.
It forms an authoritative guide to the wide range of technologies
employed in biomass pyrolysis, and product upgrading, utilisation
and characterisation. Recommendations and conclusions are included
to identify promising areas of research and development that will
be of value to researchers, planners and companies throughout the
world.
This l::: ook comes as part of a new series on Solar Energy R+D,
includlng Biomass which is carried out by the Euro: pean
Community.. The commission of the European Comrmmities' Directorate
General (XII) for Science, Research and Developnent is currently
implementing, on a cost-sharing basis, a solar energy R+D
pro;Jranune through contracts with European industry, research
institutions and uni versi ties. This prcgrarrrrne includes a very
strong acti vi ty on Biomass. Besides general R+D work on all
aspects of Biomass growth and utilization which is reported
elsewhere in this series, the Canmission is currently starting a
new activity on Pilot Plants based on the use of Biomass for energy
purp: Jses, and in particular on methanol prcx: luction from wood.
The commission considers that the subject of methanol prcxiuction
from wood offers llnp: Jrtant prospects for application wi thin the
European Canmilllity and in other parts of the world, in particular
some of the developing countries & The state of art in Europe
In this field is still considered to be very high as a result of
related work which was performed in Europe during vorld War II and
the time before.
Proceedings of the First Contractors' Meeting held in Brussels,
April 18, 1986
This workshop comprises part of the four-year (1985-1988)
non-nuclear energy R & D programme for the development of
renewable energy sources which is being implemented by the
Commission of the European Communities. The aim of the workshop was
to present work by the contracting laboratories in addition to work
by numerous other research laboratories in 11 European countries.
Discussions were also held on the mid-1990s state of this basic
directed research in photochemistry, photoelectrochemistry and
photobiology, and where the future emphasis may usefully lie. Thus
the text presents the proceedings of all the papers presented and
summarizes the recommendations made by the participants as to where
future research support may be most effectively placed. It was
emphasized in these recommendations that the interdisciplinary
collaboration between photochemistry and photobiology had been
quite successfully achieved in this European programme. There were
both high quality basic research and practical benefits accruing
from the work, and these are described in the report on proposed
areas for future research. This book contains work reported by 30
researchers and laboratories in Europe. The
Includes proceedings of the Third EEC Workshop on Photochemical,
Photoelectrochemical and Photobiological Research and Development,
London, 18-21 April 1989.
This paper is written in the belief that people are important and
that equipment is to serve the needs of the people and therefore
should be designed to meet their specific needs and environment.
This is particularly important in the case of a developing country
when a professional engineer accepts the responsibility to
formulate policies evaluate equipment imple ment projects and train
national people. 1. Government, geography and climate Papua New
Guinea, an independent and self governing state since 1975, is
located directly North of Australia above the North Eastern State
of Queensland. The country extends from 141 Degrees east longitude,
at the border with Indonesia (Irian Jaya) to 160 Degrees east
longitude and between latitudes 1 Degrees and 12 Degrees south (see
figure 1). Papua New Guinea is a parliamentary democracy, with a
single legis lature known as the National Parliament (1). The State
is divided into 19 provinces plus the National Capital District
(Port Moresby) with de centralized Government established in each
province. Before independence the country comprised the Australian
territory of Papua in the southern regions and the United Nations
Trust Territory of New Guinea in the North (1). Land area is
462,840 square kilometres This inclUdes the mainland, the three
large islands of New Britain, ~ew Ireland and fiougainville plus
600 small islands and archipelagos. Approximate direct distances
from the capital city of Port Moresby to some of the other centres
are : Vanimo 990 km, Rabaul SOO km, Arawa 990 km and Lorengau S25
km.
This l::: ook comes as part of a new series on Solar Energy R+D,
includlng Biomass which is carried out by the Euro: pean
Community.. The commission of the European Comrmmities' Directorate
General (XII) for Science, Research and Developnent is currently
implementing, on a cost-sharing basis, a solar energy R+D
pro;Jranune through contracts with European industry, research
institutions and uni versi ties. This prcgrarrrrne includes a very
strong acti vi ty on Biomass. Besides general R+D work on all
aspects of Biomass growth and utilization which is reported
elsewhere in this series, the Canmission is currently starting a
new activity on Pilot Plants based on the use of Biomass for energy
purp: Jses, and in particular on methanol prcx: luction from wood.
The commission considers that the subject of methanol prcxiuction
from wood offers llnp: Jrtant prospects for application wi thin the
European Canmilllity and in other parts of the world, in particular
some of the developing countries & The state of art in Europe
In this field is still considered to be very high as a result of
related work which was performed in Europe during vorld War II and
the time befor
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