G. Haskell, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, Vice President, Administration and Programme Development, International Space University e-mail: [email protected] M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: [email protected] The theme of the fourth annual symposium arranged by the International Space University (ISU) was "International Space Station: The Next Space Marketplace". The Symposium covered this topic from the uniqu- interdisciplinary, international and intercultural - perspectives of ISU. It focussed on significant issues related to policy, innovative management, commerce, regulation, education and outreach rather than concentrating on engineering and scientific issues. Although admirable progress has already been made in defining the utilisation of the International Space Station (ISS) in its early operational phases, what does the future hold? What important new applications will arise? What commercial opportunities may emerge? And how will the political, legal and financial hurdles be overcome, not to mention the technical challenges? The aim of the Symposium was to discuss such questions and draw out new ways of using the Space Station in the future. Among the 120 attendees were members of the fourth Master of Space Studies class, young professionals and postgraduate students who are developing the Symposium's theme in their Team Project. Their comprehensive overview of the subject is presented as an Annex here. Their final report on the Team Project will be completed at the end of July 1999, and published separately.

Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity. Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing. The value-added and service industries are increasing in importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of privatisation, de-regulation and globalization. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together a diverse group of people, technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and to exchange ideas on the way forward. The Proceedings of this Symposium make stimulating reading for all who are engaged in the market-place of space and its applications.

Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to individuals and also to society at large. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together technical and non-technical people to consider the future applications of space techniques to tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues involved in this developing area.

Over the past five years, the American Bar Association and legal educators themselves have been expanding the discussion of professional responsibility. Traditionalists state that lawyers must maximize the gain for their client regardless of whether that means turning a blind eye to behavior or facts which may serve justice but hinder the client's

Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to individuals and also to society at large. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together technical and non-technical people to consider the future applications of space techniques to tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues involved in this developing area.

Space is no longer the special, protected domain that it was in the past. Because of the importance of its practical applications, it is becoming integrated into the mainstream of economic activity. Technology push is giving way to the assessment of market opportunities and demand pull. Funding from the public sector is declining while interest in private financing is steadily growing. The value-added and service industries are increasing in importance. New technologies will be developed in a context of privatisation, de-regulation and globalization. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together a diverse group of people, technical and non-technical, engaged in the creation of new approaches to space applications, in order to share experiences and to exchange ideas on the way forward. The Proceedings of this Symposium make stimulating reading for all who are engaged in the market-place of space and its applications.

G. Haskell, Symposium Convenor & Vice President for Academic Services and Outreach, International Space University By taking "Space of Service to Humanity" as the theme for the inaugural event in its series of annual symposia, the International Space University (ISU) is asserting that this application of space technology requires special attention at this time. Future symposia will examine the issues of the day from different perspectives. In keeping with the fundamental principles of ISU, the symposium took a global perspective, as distinct from national or regional perspectives, and treated both technical and non-technical topics. Oral and poster presentations were delivered in the scientific, engineering, economic, legal, political and philosophical domains. All oral papers were delivered in plenary session to encourage cross fertilization between specialities, and posters were readily available for viewing throughout the three-day event. As an international and interdisciplinary forum for the sharing of experience and for discussion and debate, the symposium proved to be a stimulating and worthwhile event for the 135 participants from 25 countries and 5 international organizations with backgrounds in industry, government and academia."

Digital Video offers comprehensive coverage of the MPEG-2 audio/visual digital compression standard. The treatment includes the specifics needed to implement an MPEG-2 Decoder, including the syntax and semantics of the coded bitstreams. Since the MPEG-2 Encoders are not specified by the standard, and are actually closely held secrets of many vendors, the book only outlines the fundamentals of encoder design and algorithm optimization.

Over the past five years, the American Bar Association and legal educators themselves have been expanding the discussion of professional responsibility. Traditionalists state that lawyers must maximize the gain for their client regardless of whether that means turning a blind eye to behavior or facts which may serve justice but hinder the client's case.In "Why Lawyers Behave as They Do, " Paul Haskell explains the professional rules that govern how lawyers behave and which permit--or require--conduct that laypersons may find unethical. In his criticism of the traditional role of lawyers, Haskell proposes an alternative--and controversial--model of behavior.

Since the first edition of Digital Pictures in 1988, several international standards have been established for digitization of bilevel images, color pictures, videoconferencing, and television. In Digital Pictures, Second Edition, Arun N. Netravali and Barry G. Haskell address these modern innovations and review recently established international standards for digital imagery. They discuss the current state of the art, including JBIG, JPEG, H.261, CCIR601, CCIR723, MPEG1, MPEG2, and HDTV technology. Their book also thoroughly covers the fundamentals and practical algorithms of image digitization and compression. The text's new chapters feature examples and questions designed to stimulate greater understanding of the topics which describe: basic aspects of the JBIG algorithm and different JPEG operating modes; some methodologies used for video codecs operating at subprimary bit-rates; a generic coding standard that can be used in many digital video implementations; and the main characteristics of HDTV; its current state in Europe, Japan, and the United States; and expected future developments. Digital Pictures, Second Edition, concludes with a review of source encoding limitations and brief descriptions of two approaches to model-based coding of video. Its comprehensive coverage of progress in the field will be valuable for communication systems engineers and researchers working in the areas of image compression, communication, and processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find it an essential text on image digitization, processing, coding, and compression.

Helmets and Lipstick is the first-hand account of Second Lieutenant Ruth Haskell, chronicling her time spent as a combat nurse with U.S. troops in North Africa during Operation Torch. First published at the height of the war in 1944, Haskell's memoir is a classic account of combat nursing in World War 2, an important addition to the literature of the war in North Africa and of the history of non-combatants in the Second World War.

Helmets and Lipstick is the first-hand account of Second Lieutenant Ruth Haskell, chronicling her time spent as a combat nurse with U.S. troops in North Africa during Operation Torch. First published at the height of the war in 1944, Haskell s memoir is a classic account of combat nursing in World War 2, an important addition to the literature of the war in North Africa and of the history of non-combatants in the Second World War.

This book addresses issues of ISS utilization and operations from all perspectives, especially the commercial viewpoint, as well as for scientific research and technological development, and education in the widest sense of the word. It will be of great interest to those working in industry, academia and government, particularly in public-private partnerships.