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The modern wireless communication industry has put great demands on
circuit designers for smaller, cheaper transceivers in the
gigahertz frequency range. One tool which has assisted designers in
satisfying these requirements is the use of on-chip
inductiveelements (inductors and transformers) in silicon (Si)
radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). These elements
allow greatly improved levels of performance in Si monolithic
low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, up-conversion and
down-conversion mixers and local oscillators. Inductors can be used
to improve the intermodulation distortion performance and noise
figure of small-signal amplifiers and mixers. In addition, the gain
of amplifier stages can be enhanced and the realization of low-cost
on-chip local oscillators with good phase noise characteristics is
made feasible. In order to reap these benefits, it is essential
that the IC designer be able to predict and optimize the
characteristics of on-chip inductiveelements. Accurate knowledge of
inductance values, quality factor (Q) and the influence of ad- cent
elements (on-chip proximity effects) and substrate losses is
essential. In this book the analysis, modeling and application of
on-chip inductive elements is considered. Using analyses based on
Maxwells equations, an accurate and efficient technique is
developed to model these elements over a wide frequency range.
Energy loss to the conductive substrate is modeled through several
mechanisms, including electrically induced displacement and
conductive c- rents and by magnetically induced eddy currents.
These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software
tool ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers
for Integrated Circuits).
Metal clusters are on the brink between molecules and nanoparticles
in size. With molecular, nano-scale, metallic as well as
non-metallic aspects, metal clusters are a growing,
interdisciplinary field with numerous potential applications in
chemistry, catalysis, materials and nanotechnology.
This third volume in the series of hot topics from inorganic
chemistry covers all recent developments in the field of metal
clusters, with some 20 contributions providing an in-depth view.
The result is a unique perspective, illustrating all facets of this
interdisciplinary area:
* Inter-electron Repulsion and Irregularities in the Chemistry of
Transition Series
* Stereochemical Activity of Lone Pairs in Heavier Main Group
Element Compounds
* How Close to Close Packing?
* Forty-Five Years of Praseodymium Diiodide
* Centered Zirconium Clusters
* Titanium Niobium Oxychlorides
* Trinuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Cluster Chalcogenides
* Current State of (B, C, N)-Compounds of Calcium and
Lanthanum
* Ternary Phases of Lithium with Main-Group and Late-Transition
Metals
* Polar Intermetallics and Zintl Phases along the Zintl
Border
* Rare Earth Zintl Phases
* Structure-Property Relationships in Intermetallics
* Ternary and Quaternary Niobium Arsenide Zintl Phases
* The Building Block Approach to Understanding Main-Group-Metal
Complex Structures
* Cation-Deficient Quaternary Thiospinels
* A New Class of Hybrid Materials via Salt Inclusion
Synthesis
* Layered Perrhenate and Vanadate Hybrid Solids
* Hydrogen Bonding in Metal Halides
* Syntheses and Catalytic Properties of Titanium Nitride
Nanoparticles
* Solventless Thermolysis
* New Potential Scintillation Materials in Borophosphate
Systems.
With its didactical emphasis, this volume addresses a wide
readership, such that both students and specialists will profit
from the expert contributions.
The history of the rare earths has entered its third century; trans
uranium elements are now a half century old. Both the lanthanide
and actinide ele- ments, 30 elements altogether, are f elements,
meaninj that their metallic 2 1 1 electronic configurations are
typically 6s 5d 4f" and 7s 6d 5f" respectively. To an elementary
approximation as summarized in the 'average inorganic chemistry
textbook, these configurations cause their chemistry to be
described by the trivalent state accompanied by less interesting
effects such as the lanthanide contraction. However, the discovery
of divalent and tetravalent lanthanides and di- to seven-valent
actinides hinted at the existence of more interesting although
still classic solid-state and coor- dination chemistry. Metallic
halides and chalcogenides and electron-poor cluster compounds have
been the outgrowth of many synthetic efforts during the past 25
years or so. These days, one can say that the lan- thanides and
actinides are not at all boring; the fascination arises from every
element being an individual, having its own chemistry.
First published 1984. The intent of the authors in organizing a
AAAS symposium and this subsequent volume was to integrate the
findings of aquatic ecologists whose research spans the first three
trophic levels (algae, zooplankton and fish) of both marine and
freshwater environments. Major topics (phytoplankton, zooplankton,
fish and community interactions) are presented as, at least, two
trophic-level associations by scientists who have distinctly
differing perspectives. The format of papers varies from review to
research and was chosen by authors on the basis of suitability to
their specific topic.
First published 1984. The intent of the authors in organizing a
AAAS symposium and this subsequent volume was to integrate the
findings of aquatic ecologists whose research spans the first three
trophic levels (algae, zooplankton and fish) of both marine and
freshwater environments. Major topics (phytoplankton, zooplankton,
fish and community interactions) are presented as, at least, two
trophic-level associations by scientists who have distinctly
differing perspectives. The format of papers varies from review to
research and was chosen by authors on the basis of suitability to
their specific topic.
"Understanding Empiricism" is an introduction to empiricism and the
empiricist tradition in philosophy. The book presents empiricism as
a philosophical outlook that unites several philosophers and
discusses the most important philosophical issues bearing on the
subject, while maintaining enough distance from, say, the
intricacies of Locke, Berkeley, Hume scholarship to allow students
to gain a clear overview of empiricism without being lost in the
details of the exegetical disputes surrounding particular
philosophers. Written for students the book can serve both as an
introduction to current problems in the theory of knowledge as well
as a comprehensive survey of the history of empiricist ideas. The
book begins by distinguishing between the epistemological and
psychological/causal versions of empiricism, showing that it is the
former that is of primary interest to philosophers. The next three
chapters, on Locke, Berkeley, Hume respectively, provide an
introduction to the main protagonists in the British empiricist
tradition from this perspective. The book then examines more
contemporary material including the ideas of Sellars, foundations
and coherence theories, the rejection of the a priori by Mill,
Peirce and Quine, scepticism and, finally, the status of religious
belief within empiricism. Particular attention is paid to
criticisms of empiricism, such as Leibniz's criticisms of Locke on
innatism and Frege's objections to Mill on mathematics. The
discussions are kept at an introductory level throughout to help
students to locate the principles of empiricism in relation to
modern philosophy.
In the past decade, substrate noise has had a constant and
significant impact on the design of analog and mixed-signal
integrated circuits. Only recently, with advances in chip
miniaturization and innovative circuit design, has substrate noise
begun to plague fully digital circuits as well. To combat the
effects of substrate noise, heavily over-designed structures are
generally adopted, thus seriously limiting the advantages of
innovative technologies. Substrate Noise: Analysis and Optimization
for IC Design addresses the main problems posed by substrate noise
from both an IC and a CAD designer perspective. The effects of
substrate noise on performance in digital, analog, and mixed-signal
circuits are presented, along with the mechanisms underlying noise
generation, injection, and transport. Popular solutions to the
substrate noise problem and the trade-offs often debated by
designers are extensively discussed. Non-traditional approaches as
well as semi-automated techniques to combat substrate noise are
also addressed. Substrate Noise: Analysis and Optimization for IC
Design will be of interest to researchers and professionals
interested in signal integrity, as well as to mixed signal and RF
designers.
The modern wireless communication industry has put great demands on
circuit designers for smaller, cheaper transceivers in the
gigahertz frequency range. One tool which has assisted designers in
satisfying these requirements is the use of on-chip
inductiveelements (inductors and transformers) in silicon (Si)
radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). These elements
allow greatly improved levels of performance in Si monolithic
low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, up-conversion and
down-conversion mixers and local oscillators. Inductors can be used
to improve the intermodulation distortion performance and noise
figure of small-signal amplifiers and mixers. In addition, the gain
of amplifier stages can be enhanced and the realization of low-cost
on-chip local oscillators with good phase noise characteristics is
made feasible. In order to reap these benefits, it is essential
that the IC designer be able to predict and optimize the
characteristics of on-chip inductiveelements. Accurate knowledge of
inductance values, quality factor (Q) and the influence of ad- cent
elements (on-chip proximity effects) and substrate losses is
essential. In this book the analysis, modeling and application of
on-chip inductive elements is considered. Using analyses based on
Maxwells equations, an accurate and efficient technique is
developed to model these elements over a wide frequency range.
Energy loss to the conductive substrate is modeled through several
mechanisms, including electrically induced displacement and
conductive c- rents and by magnetically induced eddy currents.
These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software
tool ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers
for Integrated Circuits).
The history of the rare earths has entered its third century; trans
uranium elements are now a half century old. Both the lanthanide
and actinide ele- ments, 30 elements altogether, are f elements,
meaninj that their metallic 2 1 1 electronic configurations are
typically 6s 5d 4f" and 7s 6d 5f" respectively. To an elementary
approximation as summarized in the 'average inorganic chemistry
textbook, these configurations cause their chemistry to be
described by the trivalent state accompanied by less interesting
effects such as the lanthanide contraction. However, the discovery
of divalent and tetravalent lanthanides and di- to seven-valent
actinides hinted at the existence of more interesting although
still classic solid-state and coor- dination chemistry. Metallic
halides and chalcogenides and electron-poor cluster compounds have
been the outgrowth of many synthetic efforts during the past 25
years or so. These days, one can say that the lan- thanides and
actinides are not at all boring; the fascination arises from every
element being an individual, having its own chemistry.
When No-Bullshit Executive Personalities Hinder Performance Many
executives who are valuable leaders in their organizations often
don't understand why they're not advancing in their careers at the
pace or level they believe they deserve given their commitment to
their imperatives. Any high-performing leader (the "No-Bullshit
Executive," according to author Jordan Goldrich) who has ever been
identified as abrasive or even a bully will find an ally in this
must-read book. These executives (termed workplace warriors by the
author) make a unique and critical contribution to the success of
their companies or organizations, and their warrior spirit is
especially crucial in the current VUCA environment (volatility,
uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity). While acknowledging their
unique contributions, the author encourages no-bullshit executives
to lift their warrior spirit to the level of our country's greatest
warriors--the Navy SEALs and the rest of the United States Special
Operations community--to find the skills they need to excel. Some
of Goldrich's advice takes the form of his clever tagline: The
Least You Can Do. If the abrasive executives are only interested in
doing The Least You Can Do to protect themselves in a politically
correct world, they will find what they need. If, on the other
hand, executives want to do The Least You Can Do in the sense that
of the right thing to do, they will find resources to take their
leadership to a higher level. Appendices and checklists fill out
the advice to help the best become even better.
In The End of Judaism, Auschwitz survivor Hajo G. Meyer, a Dutch
national of German-Jewish origin, expresses in impassioned terms
his dismay at what he sees as the moral collapse of contemporary
Israeli society and the worldwide Jewish community as a whole.
Meyer is a member of "A Different Jewish Voice," a Dutch-based,
secular Jewish movement that dares to openly criticize Israel's
policies toward the Palestinians. In his observations, deeply
colored by his personal experiences during the Holocaust, Meyer
compares Israel's current policies with the early stages of the
Nazis' persecution of the German Jews. He clearly explains that he
is in no way seeking to draw a parallel between the current
policies of Israel and the Nazis' endgame, which resulted in the
mass murder of six million innocent people. What he is trying to do
is simply point out the slippery slope that eventually led to this
catastrophe, and the necessity of foreseeing the possible
consequences of a policy that oppresses and marginalizes the
Palestinians in their own homeland. As a result of his experiences
in Auschwitz, Hajo Meyer claims to have learned one fundamental
lesson: that his moral duty as a human being was to never become
like his oppressors. The End of Judaism is the outcry of a
dissident Jew who is not afraid of standing up to entrenched ways
of thinking about history, and particularly about the Palestinian
conflict which is one of the most intractable social and political
problems in the world today.
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