Originally published in 1963. Can one discern certain regularities in the manoeuvrings and techniques employed by scientists and can these be formulated into the methodological principles of science? What is the origin and basis of such principles? Are they imposed by objective realities, do they derive from conceptual necessities or are they rooted in our own deep seated predilections? This volume investigates these questions and sheds light on the growth mechanism of the evolving structure of science itself.

Originally published in 1963. Can one discern certain regularities in the manoeuvrings and techniques employed by scientists and can these be formulated into the methodological principles of science? What is the origin and basis of such principles? Are they imposed by objective realities, do they derive from conceptual necessities or are they rooted in our own deep seated predilections? This volume investigates these questions and sheds light on the growth mechanism of the evolving structure of science itself.

The non-technical, basic yet familiar features of time are investigated, e.g. two novel, detailed arguments defending the common view that 'time rolls relentlessly' are advanced; a number of hitherto neglected fundamental differences between spatio-temporal location and every other physical property are discussed; the unresolved problem, why the past is so much better known than the future is tackled. For those who wish to delve deeper, 25% of the book consists of problems to ponder and their possible solutions.

I With the immense success of modem science it has generally become accepted that the only way to acquire knowledge is by the use of the method uniformly practiced by working scientists. Consequently, the credibility of the claims of religion, which seem to be based on belief in revelation, tradition, authority and the like, have been considerably shaken. In the face of the serious threat provided by the ascendancy of modem scientific method ology, religious thinkers have adopted various defensive attitudes. Some have retreated into an extreme position where Theism is completely safe from any attack on it by the use of empirical methods of inquiry, maintaining that contrary to appearances, religion makes no factual claims whatsoever. To be religious, they say, is to subscribe to a certain value system; it is to adopt a set of practices and a given attitude to the meaning and purpose of life without making any assertions about this or that empirical feature of the universe. Others wishing to remain more faithful to what religion traditionally meant throughout the ages, agree that Theism does make factual claims but that these are so radically different from the kind of claims made by science that it is only right that they should be established by a separate method on its own. In matters of faith reliance on widely entrenched tradition and sacred authority is not objectionable according to some."

I With the immense success of modem science it has generally become accepted that the only way to acquire knowledge is by the use of the method uniformly practiced by working scientists. Consequently, the credibility of the claims of religion, which seem to be based on belief in revelation, tradition, authority and the like, have been considerably shaken. In the face of the serious threat provided by the ascendancy of modem scientific method ology, religious thinkers have adopted various defensive attitudes. Some have retreated into an extreme position where Theism is completely safe from any attack on it by the use of empirical methods of inquiry, maintaining that contrary to appearances, religion makes no factual claims whatsoever. To be religious, they say, is to subscribe to a certain value system; it is to adopt a set of practices and a given attitude to the meaning and purpose of life without making any assertions about this or that empirical feature of the universe. Others wishing to remain more faithful to what religion traditionally meant throughout the ages, agree that Theism does make factual claims but that these are so radically different from the kind of claims made by science that it is only right that they should be established by a separate method on its own. In matters of faith reliance on widely entrenched tradition and sacred authority is not objectionable according to some."

Von 1900 bis heute, also in der kurzen Zeit von 30 Jahren, hat sich die Entwicklung der Produktionsmittel gleichzeitig mit der Durch. arbeit von Anlage, Ausrustung und vor allem Organisation der Fabrikunternehmungen in einem unerhorten, bis zum Jahre 1930 stets gesteigerten Tempo vollzogen. Es war mir vergonnt, dabei Mitarbeit zu leisten, sowohl bei Werkzeug und Werkzeugmaschine als auch bei der Fortbildung der Fabrikorganisation. Jetzt ist eine Pause eingetreten. Man holt nicht nur Atem, sondern man muss sich mit einer offenbar ganz neuartigen Weltordnung abfinden. Daher wage ich es, in diesem kleinen Buche einen Querschnitt zu geben uber den heutigen Stand der ganzen Entwicklung in ihren wesentlichen Abschnitten, die die Wechselwirkung zwischen Werk. zeug und Baustoff, die Richtlinien fur die Vervollkommnung der Werkzeugmaschinen, die Zusammenhange zwischen den dreigfOssen Problemen: Material, Lohn und Gemeinkosten behandeln. Die beiden ersten Kapitel setzen technische Fachkenntnisse in der Be. arbeitungstechnik voraus, ich kann mir daher denken, dass sie der Nichttechniker uberschlagt; das volle Verstandnis fur die 3 Haupt. abschnitte uber die Fabrikorganisation wird dadurch in keiner Weise gestort. Das Gebiet ist so gross, dass es im einzelnen der Einschrankung bedurfte; daher habe ich insbesondere die Bearbeitungsfragen und -maschinen auf die spanabhebende Formung beschrankt, die span lose Formgebung aber vorlaufig fortgelassen, obwohl mir ihre Bedeu tung fur das grosse Gebiet der Fernmeldetechnik, des Radio, des Schreib-und Rechenmaschinenbaus, der Verpackungsmittel (Konserven. dosen), usw. wohl bekannt ist."

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.