Dividend Policy explores the puzzle presented by dividends: irrational and subject to fashion, yet popular and desirable, they remain a priority among managers, even while perceived as largely symbolic. After exploring the history of dividend payments, from the emergence of the modern corporation to current perspectives, it traces the evolution of academic models on dividend policy. Here the authors review models of symmetric and asymmetric information before analyzing academia's accomplishments in solving the dividend puzzle.
Related subjects, such as valuation and wealth distribution, round out the authors' presentation about new ways to think about one of the most intriguing subjects in financial economics.
* The only comprehensive study of dividend policy
* Covers the historical evolution of dividends and academic research on dividend policy
* Presents new ways of thinking about dividends and dividend policy

This is a collection of contributed papers which focus on recent results in areas of differential equations, function spaces, operator theory and interpolation theory. In particular, it covers current work on measures of non-compactness and real interpolation, sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalites, the HELP inequality, error estimates and spectral theory of elliptic operators, pseudo differential operators with discontinuous symbols, variable exponent spaces and entropy numbers. These papers contribute to areas of analysis which have been and continue to be heavily influenced by the leading British analysts David Edmunds and Des Evans. This book marks their respective 80th and 70th birthdays.

The great challenge of reverse engineering is recovering design information from legacy code: the concept recovery problem. This monograph describes our research effort in attacking this problem. It discusses our theory of how a constraint-based approach to program plan recognition can efficiently extract design concepts from source code, and it details experiments in concept recovery that support our claims of scalability. Importantly, we present our models and experiments in sufficient detail so that they can be easily replicated. This book is intended for researchers or software developers concerned with reverse engineering or reengineering legacy systems. However, it may also interest those researchers who are interested using plan recognition techniques or constraint-based reasoning. We expect the reader to have a reasonable computer science background (i.e., familiarity with the basics of programming and algorithm analysis), but we do not require familiarity with the fields of reverse engineering or artificial intelligence (AI). To this end, we carefully explain all the AI techniques we use. This book is designed as a reference for advanced undergraduate or graduate seminar courses in software engineering, reverse engineering, or reengineering. It can also serve as a supplementary textbook for software engineering-related courses, such as those on program understanding or design recovery, for AI-related courses, such as those on plan recognition or constraint satisfaction, and for courses that cover both topics, such as those on AI applications to software engineering. ORGANIZATION The book comprises eight chapters.

Already in the century before photography's emergence as a mass medium, a diverse popular visual culture had risen to challenge the British literary establishment. The bourgeois fashion for new visual media -- from prints and illustrated books to theatrical spectacles and panoramas -- rejected high Romantic concepts of original genius and the sublime in favor of mass-produced images and the thrill of realistic effects. In response, the literary elite declared the new visual media an offense to Romantic idealism. "Simulations of nature," Coleridge declared, are "loathsome" and "disgusting." The Shock of the Real offers a tour of Romantic visual culture, from the West End stage to the tourist-filled Scottish Highlands, from the panoramas of Leicester Square to the photography studios of Second Empire Paris. But in presenting the relation between word and image in the late Georgian age as a form of culture war, the author also proposes an alternative account of Romantic aesthetic ideology -- as a reaction not against the rationalism of the Enlightenment but against the visual media age being born.

From explanations of the roles of hormones to detailed descriptions of testing options and treatment choices, this book is a guide to male hormones: What they do, what goes wrong, and what can be done about it. Testosterone levels begin to decline in men at the age of 30. But, as this book shows, men can take steps to normalize hormone levels. With the twin goals of education and empowerment, two naturopaths explain the roles of male hormones and why decreasing testosterone levels affect body and mind. His Change of Life: Male Menopause and Healthy Aging with Testosterone offers detailed descriptions of testing options and, most importantly, specific treatment choices offered by both allopathic and alternative models that will enable men of all ages to live life to the fullest. Symptoms the authors address include night sweats, reduced flexibility, loss of muscle mass, low sex drive, and high blood pressure. Solutions they explain include stress management, exercise, nutrition, dietary supplements, and androgen replacement therapy. Conventional treatments are also covered, as are potential side effects of actions men may take. The authors detail which actions are safe to take on your own, and which need the supervision of a medical expert. 14 tables and graphs explain the main points of each chapter A list of endnote references appears at the end of every chapter

Learn to dot your I's and cross your T's with this hands-on grammar practice The rules of grammar can seem abstract and confusing. But putting them into practice will help you understand and retain grammatical conventions. In Grammar: 1001 Practice Questions For Dummies, you'll get the step-by-step and hands-on experience you need to improve your conjugations, gerund use, punctuation, and more. Each practice question includes detailed explanations and solutions available both in the book and online. The book also includes: Intuitive questions on everything from Oxford commas to verb tense Free, one-year access to all 1,001 practice questions online, and the ability to create customized quizzes and study sessions Detailed explanations for every question to help build your understanding Ideal for self-paced learning and as a companion for students in grammar and English classes in high school and college, Grammar: 1001 Practice Questions For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice) is a must-have resource to improve your written and spoken English communication. Grammar: 1001 Practice Questions For Dummies (9781119883746) was previously published as 1,001 Grammar Practice Questions For Dummies (9781118745014). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.

This book presents a collection of papers on facts and ideas dealing with special aspects of the world food and population problem. It offers the collection of papers in the spirit of optimism about the future and the U.S. role in international development.

Is it possible to feed those who now are hungry in the world in addition to the billions of people who will be born by the end of the century? Or are we headed for an inevitable Malthusian catastrophe because the task is impossible? What can developing countries do to increase agricultural self-reliance? What population dynamics accompany the transition from high birth and death rates in developing countries to low birth and death rates? What research can aid the struggle to provide food to the world's masses? These and other questions are explored by an array of experts who participated in the Congressional Roundtable on World Food and Population during 1979-80. They offer this collection of papers in the spirit of optimism about the future and about the U.S. role in international development.

Get the last word on English grammar Grasping the intricacies of the English language doesn't need to be tricky, and this down-to-earth guide breaks everything down in ways that make sense Revealing rules, tips, and tricks to eliminate confusion and gain clarity, English Grammar For Dummies gives you everything you need to communicate with confidence! Good grammar lays the foundation for speaking and writing clearly. This easy-to-follow book will help you become a more articulate, effective communicator. Covering everything from the building blocks of a sentence to those pesky rules of punctuation, it offers the practical guidance you need to communicate in a way that would make any English teacher proud. * Improve your speaking skills * Clearly compose written communications * Get the latest techniques for continuous improvement * Write a winning college entrance exam or compelling business presentation Stop worrying about the grammar police and become more confident with your words!

The Unofficial Guide to Obstetrics and Gynaecology is unique as a textbook that is written based on national and international guidelines. In a subject topic that includes a lot of grey areas this is of paramount importance for undergraduates and postgraduates who are studying and working on the wards. Knowledge is present is succinct topic summaries that are then tested and expanded upon in more than 300 multiple choice questions with fully explained answers. More than 100 colour images and illustrations and clinical cases bring the topics to life. The book has been written by junior doctors therefore the content is engaging and always understandable. The content has then been checked by senior clinicians ensuring that it is reliable and up to date.

Improve your English grammar You have nothing to lose and everything to gain by using proper English language and grammar. The ability to articulate and communicate effectively is a valuable asset in all aspects of life. From writing a research paper to giving a presentation at work or just holding a casual conversation with friends or family, strong verbal and written skills are necessities in everyday communication. English Grammar Workbook For Dummies is the perfect solution for sharpening the tools in your grammar kit, with lessons and plenty of practice opportunities to help reinforce learning. Whether you need to brush up on the finer points of punctuation, need help making sense of those pesky parts of speech--or anything in between--this approachable guide makes it fast and easy. - Find FREE quizzes for every chapter online - Handle pronouns with grace - Master plurals and possessives - Improve your proofreading skills Everyone benefits from using proper grammar and speech, and now you can too!

Get good guidance on using English well English is a hard language to get right. It's all too easy to make simple mistakes, whether writing or speaking which can land you in embarrassing social situations or even cost you a job. Luckily, Basic English Grammar For Dummies UK Edition is here to help you get to grips with English. Without the complexity of formal grammar and through plenty of examples and brief exercises, it gets you up and running on common spelling errors, how to structure sentences to make yourself easily understood, and find the right tone and style for any situation, whether you're talking on the phone or writing a letter, email, or text. Is it good or well? There, their or they're? Some people don't have to think twice about using proper English grammar, but for the rest of us it can become tricky and confusing. Easy to understand and free of jargon, this friendly and accessible guide sticks to the basics and makes it easy to build your English grammar skills. In no time, you'll leave the me or I?' debate at the door and speak and write confidently and correctly. * Includes quizzes and self-tests * Provides guidance on composing letters, emails, and texts * Uses easy vocabulary to make the content accessible to all * Serves as a great guidebook to English grammar for overseas learners If English is your second language or you simply missed or have forgotten the nuances that were taught in school, Basic English Grammar For Dummies UK Edition is the fast and easy way to brush up on your skills and make a good impression.

This is a collection of contributed papers which focus on recent results in areas of differential equations, function spaces, operator theory and interpolation theory. In particular, it covers current work on measures of non-compactness and real interpolation, sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalites, the HELP inequality, error estimates and spectral theory of elliptic operators, pseudo differential operators with discontinuous symbols, variable exponent spaces and entropy numbers. These papers contribute to areas of analysis which have been and continue to be heavily influenced by the leading British analysts David Edmunds and Des Evans. This book marks their respective 80th and 70th birthdays.

The great challenge of reverse engineering is recovering design information from legacy code: the concept recovery problem. This monograph describes our research effort in attacking this problem. It discusses our theory of how a constraint-based approach to program plan recognition can efficiently extract design concepts from source code, and it details experiments in concept recovery that support our claims of scalability. Importantly, we present our models and experiments in sufficient detail so that they can be easily replicated. This book is intended for researchers or software developers concerned with reverse engineering or reengineering legacy systems. However, it may also interest those researchers who are interested using plan recognition techniques or constraint-based reasoning. We expect the reader to have a reasonable computer science background (i.e., familiarity with the basics of programming and algorithm analysis), but we do not require familiarity with the fields of reverse engineering or artificial intelligence (AI). To this end, we carefully explain all the AI techniques we use. This book is designed as a reference for advanced undergraduate or graduate seminar courses in software engineering, reverse engineering, or reengineering. It can also serve as a supplementary textbook for software engineering-related courses, such as those on program understanding or design recovery, for AI-related courses, such as those on plan recognition or constraint satisfaction, and for courses that cover both topics, such as those on AI applications to software engineering. ORGANIZATION The book comprises eight chapters.

Grammar Essentials For Dummies (9781119589617) was previously published as Grammar Essentials For Dummies(9780470618370). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. For students competing for the decreasing pool of college scholarships, writing a stellar entrance essay can make all the difference. With discrete explanations of vital grammar rules, common usage errors, and the other key concepts people need to refer to most often, Grammar Essentials For Dummies provides crucial information to help students communicate accurately and effectively. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical grammar concepts as they help students with homework assignments or college entrance essays, as well as for adult learners headed back into the classroom and people learning English as a next language. The Essentials For Dummies Series Dummies is proud to present our new series, The Essentials For Dummies. Now students who are prepping for exams, preparing to study new material, or who just need a refresher can have a concise, easy-to-understand review guide that covers an entire course by concentrating solely on the most important concepts. From algebra and chemistry to grammar and Spanish, our expert authors focus on the skills students most need to succeed in a subject.

This volume explores the use of mass spectrometry for biomedical applications. Chapters focus on specific therapeutic areas such as oncology, infectious disease, and psychiatry. Additional chapters focus on methodology, technologies and instrumentation, as well as on analysis of protein-protein interactions, protein quantitation, and protein post-translational modifications. Various omics fields such as proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and adductomics are also covered. Applications of mass spectrometry in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry are also discussed. This volume provides readers with a comprehensive and informative manual that will allow them to appreciate mass spectrometry and proteomic research, but also to initiate and improve their own work. This book acts as a technical guide as well as a conceptual guide to the newest information in this exciting field.

Already in the century before photography's emergence as a mass medium, a diverse popular visual culture had risen to challenge the British literary establishment. The bourgeois fashion for new visual media - from prints and illustrated books to theatrical spectacles and panoramas - rejected high. Romantic concepts of original genius and the sublime in favor of mass-produced images and the thrill of realistic effects. In response, the literary elite declared the new visual media an offense to Romantic idealism. 'Simulations of nature,' Coleridge declared, are 'loathsome' and 'disgusting.' The Shock of the Real offers a tour of Romantic visual culture, from the West End stage to the tourist-filled Scottish Highlands, from the panoramas of Leicester Square to the photography studios of Second Empire Paris. But in presenting the relation between word and image in the late Georgian age as a form of culture war, the author also proposes an alternative account of Romantic aesthetic ideology - as a reaction not against the rationalism of the Enlightenment but against the visual media age being born.