First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The western frontier between Persia and the Ottoman Empire was long a source of disputed claims by each. Supposedly settled under the Treaty of Ezerum of 1847, in reality it took a further seventy years to settle the details. This was achieved by the Turco-Persian Frontier Commission. Ernest Hubbard was Secretary to the Commission and a key factor in its success. From the Gulf to Ararat is his account of the Commission and of the regions through which they travelled. Often amusing but always informative it reveals the realities of making a boundary in practice and the need to be aware of local factors such as race, tradition, and religion, when dealing with boundary issues.With an introduction by Sue Littledale, the author's granddaughter, new photographs and biographical material, and a foreword by Richard Schofield, one of the leading international authorities on territorial questions in the Middle East, From the Gulf to Ararat offers an engaging yet remarkably relevant insight into the realities of boundary delimitation.

Originally published in 1920 on the eve of the Turkish Peace Treaty at the conclusion of WWI, this book surveys the history and character of the people of Turkey through selected extracts from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travelogues made by Europeans of various social classes and professions. These documents record life, war, government, music and love in the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire from a Christian European perspective. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in the history of Turkey and of Turkish interactions with Europeans.