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The twentieth century will close with 5 billion people added to the
current global population. Between 1980 and the year 2000, the
total world population will increase from 4 billion 10 a liUle over
6 billion. There will be half as many morc people on earth during
these 20 years than the number accumulated since the origin of man
to 1980. Overpopulation is particularly acute in economically
developing countries, where contraception has become a social
necessity. Comraceplion Researcll for Today and Ihe Nineties
carries the proceedings of an international symposium convened in
New Delhi in October, 1986, to review the status of current
research in contraception. Major organizations supporting basic and
applied research in contraception-The Population Council, World
Health Organization (WHO), The Rockefeller Foundation, United
States Agency for International Development (USAID), International
Development Research Center of Canada (IDRC), National Institutes
of Health (NIH), and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-
were represented by the heads of divi sions who projected
respective programs and strategies. Principal scientists
responsible for many of the new leads participated."
Vaccines have historically been considered to be the most
cost-effective method for preventing communicable diseases. It was
a vaccine that en abled global eradication of the dreaded disease
smallpo. ."
Once again we have gathered to discover and evaluate advances made
in our ability to understand. diagnose and possibly treat breast
cancer with the new reagents provided by monoclonal antibody
techniques. In the last two years since our first International
Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies and Breast Cancer there has been
an enormous surge in the number and quality of applications for
these new reagents. Solid achievements have been made in
identification and quantitation of estrogen and progesterone
receptors. in histopathological diagnostic procedures. in serum
diagnosis. and we are witnessing now the first attempts to treat
breast cancer with immunoconjugates. Cytosolic estrogen receptors
can now be quantitated with monoclonal antibodies. and also their
cellular distribution can be directly assessed histologically. In
addition. monoclonal antibodies to progesterone receptors have been
generated that show promise in having similar uses as those to the
estrogen receptor. In the field of diagnosis. the use of monoclonal
antibodies has permitted the development of serological approaches
for early diagnosis by identifying and measuring breast epithelial
antigens in serum. and of histological approaches for establishing
criteria for breast cancer dissemination and prognosis. With great
expectations we are all following developments in the area of
breast cancer treatment using conjugates of anti-breast epithelial
monoclonal antibodies which are now confirming earlier reports in
affecting breast tumor control. The recent creation of newer
monoclonal antibodies and conjugates await experimentation and
clinical trials to determine their value.
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