Since their introduction nearly 40 years ago, research on Petri nets has diverged in many different directions. Various classes of Petri net, motivated either by theory or applications, with its own specific features and methods of analysis, have been proposed and studies in depth.These successful developments have led to a very heterogeneous landscape of diverse models, and this, in turn, has stimulated research on concepts and approaches that contribute to unifying and structuring the diverse landscape. This state-of-the-art survey presents the most relevant approaches to unifying Petri nets in a systematic and coherent way. The 14 chapters written by leading researchers are organized in topical sections on application-oriented approaches, unifying frameworks, and theoretical approaches.