One of the British Empire's most isolated and poorest colonies, the Bahamas has never quite seen itself as part of the British West Indies nor vice versa. Although the Bahamas had class tensions similar to those found in other British colonial lands, Gail Saunders shows that racial tensions did not necessarily parallel those across the West Indies so much as they mirrored those occurring in the United States-with political power and money consolidated in the hands of the white minority. Saunders argues that close proximity to the United States and geographic isolation from the rest of the British colonies created a uniquely Bahamian interaction among racial groups. Focusing on the period from the 1880s to the 1960s, Saunders trains her lens on the nature of relations among groups including whites, people who identified as creole or mixed race, and liberated Africans.

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From two leading historians of Bahamian history comes this groundbreaking work on a unique archipelagic nation. Islanders in the Stream is not only the first comprehensive chronicle of the Bahamian people, it is also the first work of its kind and scale for any Caribbean nation. This comprehensive volume details the full, extraordinary history of all the people who have ever inhabited the islands and explains the evolution of a Bahamian national identity within the framework of neighboring territories in similar circumstances.

Divided into three sections, this volume covers the period from aboriginal times to the end of formal slavery in 1838. The first part includes authoritative accounts of Columbus's first landfall in the New World on San Salvador island, his voyage through the Bahamas, and the ensuing disastrous collision of European and native Arawak cultures. Covering the islands' initial settlement, the second section ranges from the initial European incursions and the first English settlements through the lawless era of pirate misrule to Britain's official takeover and development of the colony in the eighteenth century. The third, and largest, section offers a full analysis of Bahamian slave society through the great influx of Empire Loyalists and their slaves at the end of the American Revolution to the purported achievement of full freedom for the slaves in 1838.

This work is both a pioneering social history and a richly illustrated narrative modifying previous Eurocentric interpretations of the islands' early history. Written to appeal to Bahamians as well as all those interested in Caribbean history, Islanders in the Stream looks at the islands and their people in theirfullest contexts, constituting not just the most thorough view of Bahamian history to date but a major contribution to Caribbean historiography.

This book examines the social aspects of Bahamian society between the early 19th and mid-20th centuries, advancing our knowledge of Bahamian history and helping to locate the Bahamas within the regional and historical context of the West Indies. It shows how, despite the absence of sugar and a commercial rather than agricultural economy, the Bahamas' social development bears great similarities to other countries of the Caribbean in terms of the extreme poverty experienced, the oppressive socioeconomic conditions and acute racial and social divisions that developed in the post-emancipation era. The first part of the book details life and culture within the black community and includes chapters on the colored middle class in the late 19th to mid-20th century, the role of women and aspects of African-Bahamian cultures during the same time. The middle section underscores the effects of Prohibition, including blockade running and alcohol tourism, and the impact of traditional tourism on Bahamian society. The final part of the book covers the historical events that arose out of the growing dissatisfaction among blacks with respect to racism and political and economic marginalization, including the riot of 1937 and the strikes of 1942 and 1958.

In this one-of-a-kind study of race and class in the Bahamas, Gail Saunders shows how racial tensions were not necessarily parallel to those across other British West Indian colonies but instead mirrored the inflexible color line of the United States. Proximity to the U.S. and geographic isolation from other British colonies created a uniquely Bahamian interaction among racial groups. Focusing on the post-emancipation period from the 1880s to the 1960s, Saunders considers the entrenched, though extra-legal, segregation prevalent in most spheres of life that lasted well into the 1950s. Saunders traces early black nationalist and pan-Africanism movements, as well as the influence of Garveyism and Prohibition during World War I. She examines the economic depression of the 1930s and the subsequent boom in the tourism industry, which boosted the economy but worsened racial tensions: proponents of integration predicted disaster if white tourists ceased traveling to the islands. Despite some upward mobility of mixed-race and black Bahamians, the economy continued to be dominated by the white elite, and trade unions and labor-based parties came late to the Bahamas. Secondary education, al though limited to those who could afford it, was the route to a better life for nonwhite Bahamians and led to mixed-race and black persons studying in professional fields, which ultimately brought about a rising political consciousness. Training her lens on the nature of relationships among the various racial and social groups in the Bahamas, Saunders tells the story of how discrimination persisted until at last squarely chal lenged by the majority of Bahamians.

In this expanded edition of an earlier work (1990) Gail Saunders advances our knowledge of Bahamian history by providing an in depth study of specific episodes and communities as well as important developments in social and economic life of the island chain. Bahamian Society After Emancipation also helps to locate the Bahamas within a regional historical context by showing that despite the absence of sugar and a dominant agricultural economy, the islands social development bears great similarities to the countries of the Caribbean.

Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People Volume 2 examines the social developments of the Bahamas from 1834 to the present. An eminent product of the New Social History, the volume recounts adjustments to emancipation made by former masters and former slaves between 1834 and 1900, traces the process of modernization between 1900 and 1973, and concludes with a candid study of social change since 1973, current problems, and an analysis of what makes the Bahamas and Bahamians distinctive in the world. The authors skillfully interweave broad historical narrative with details drawn from travelers' accounts, autobiographies, private letters, and reconstructed official dispatches and newspaper reports. Lavishly illustrated with contemporary photographs and original maps, this book is a model for national histories.

Formerly published by Zephyr Press, this handbook describes the cognitive processes of emergent readers and provides educators with clear guidelines for promoting reading comprehension with small groups of young learners. A variety of exercises helps children locate, record, retrieve, and manipulate information from texts and enables teachers to measure how students respond in oral, written, graphic, and three-dimensional forms.